166 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. juglandace^ 



short pubescence, and sometimes with clusters of yellow articulate hairs, and, beginning to unfold early 

 in the autumn, occasionally fall before winter, or early in the spring ; the scales immediately within 

 these are clothed on the outer surface with thick yellow lustrous silky pubescence, and are somewhat 

 accrescent, strap-shaped, rounded or short-pointed at the apex, and often three quarters of an inch long 

 when fully grown ; the inner scales increase in size from without inward, and are yellow-green more or 

 less tinged with red, covered with long pale hairs on the outer surface, lustrous on the inner, lanceolate 

 and acute to broadly obovate and apiculate, frequently two and a half inches in length and an inch and 

 a quarter in width, and reflexed and more or less curled before falling. The leaves are composed of five 

 or seven, or rarely of nine, leaflets, and of slender glabrous or pubescent petioles, slightly grooved and 

 enlarged at the base, and are from eight to twelve inches long j the leaflets are oblong to obovate- 

 lanceolate, gradually or abruptly long-pointed at the apex, equally or unequally rounded at the base, 

 sharply serrate with incurved teeth, subsessile or short-petiolulate, or the terminal one decurrent on a 

 slender stalk, and from a quarter of an inch to nearly an inch in length j when they unfold they are 

 bright bronzy green, covered below with long pale hairs, glandular-punctate with dark mostly 

 deciduous glands, which usually disappear before midsummer, and furnished with tufts of long snowy 

 white hairs at the base, pilose above along the midribs and primary veins, and ciliate on the margins 

 with long pale or rufous hairs j and at maturity they are thick and firm, glabrous and dark yellow- 

 green on the upper surface, and glabrous or rarely pubescent, and often furnished with tufts of pale 

 hairs in the axils of the slender primary veins on the lower surface, which is much lighter colored and 

 sometimes bright yellow or yellow-brown ; the upper leaflets are from six to eight inches long, and 

 two to two and a half inches broad, and are three or four times as large as those of the lowest pair. 

 The catkins of staminate flowers are from three to seven inches long, with stout common peduncles 

 from half an inch to an inch and a quarter in length, covered, hke the slender rhachises, with soft pale 



fy pubescence, and 



hirsute lateral bracts j the flowers, which open from 



the middle of March in Texas to the beginning of June in New England, are short-pedicellate, yellow- 

 green, and coated with pale pubescence or tomentum ; the bract, which is very variable in size and 

 shape, is lanceolate, acute, and much longer than the ovate rounded calyx-lobes, or it is ovate, rounded, 

 and does not much exceed them in length ; there are four stamens, with nearly sessile ovate emarginate 

 orange-colored anthers, slightly hirsute above the middle. The female flowers are produced in from 

 two to five-flowered spikes, and are about one quarter of an inch long, more or less prominently four- 

 ribbed, and nearly glabrous or coated with scurfy pubescence or with pale tomentum ; the bract is 

 lanceolate, acute, sometimes half an inch long, or usually shorter, much longer than the ovate acute 

 bractlets and the calyx-lobe, and, like them, dark green and glabrous on the inner surface, and more or 

 less covered with pale hairs on the outer surface and along the margins ; the stigmatic lobes are 

 yellow, and begin to wither before the anthers shed their pollen. The fruit, which is extremely variable 

 in shape and size, is pyriform, ellipsoidal or subglobose, rounded or often much depressed at the apex, 

 abruptly or gradually narrowed at the base, cylindrical or often obscurely winged to the middle or 

 nearly to the base, rather bright reddish brown, often pubescent or covered with scattered clusters of 

 bright yellow hairs, from an inch and a half to two inches long, and from three quarters of an inch to 

 an inch and a half broad ; the valves, which vary from one thirty-second to one sixteenth of an inch in 

 thickness, open in some forms only at the apex, and continue to inclose the nut after it has fallen to the 

 ground, and in others split to the middle or nearly to the base. The nut is elhpsoidal to subglobose, 

 often nearly as broad as it is long, rounded at both ends, or obcordate or rarely acuminate at the apex, 

 obscurely four-angled, compressed or sometimes nearly cylindrical, and from half an inch to an inch 

 and a half in length, with thick or thin hard walls and partitions, and a small seed with cotyledons 

 deeply divided at the base, and often deeply grooved on the back by the thick longitudinal ridges on 

 the inner face of the wall, and a light brown coat. 



Hicoria glabra inhabits dry ridges and hillsides, and is distributed from southern Maine to 



