JUGLANDACE^ 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



167 



southern Ontario/ and through southern Michigan to southeastern Nebraska/ and southward to the 



shores of the Indian River and Peace Creek in Florida and to southern Alabama and Mississippi^ and 

 through Missouri and Arkansas^ to eastern Kansas* and the Indian Territory^ and to the valley of the 



ascends to higher 



Nueces River in Texas. Extremely common in all the northern states^ the Pignut 

 elevations on the southern Appalachian Mountains than the other Hickories ; it abounds on the shores of 

 bays and estuaries along the coast of the south Atlantic and Gulf states^ and ranges farther south in 

 Florida than the other species^ and^ with the exception of the Pecan, farther to the southwest in Texas. 

 In Missouri and Arkansas it is perhaps the commonest species, and it probably attains its largest size in 

 the basin of the lower Ohio River. 



The wood of Hicoria glabra is heavy, hard, very strong and tough, flexible and close-grained. 



It contains numerous thin obscure medullary rays and many large open ducts, and is light or dark 

 brown, with thick lighter colored or often nearly white sapwood. The specific gravity of the absolutely 

 dry wood is 0.8217, a cubic foot weighing 51.21 pounds. It is used for the handles of tools and in the 

 manufacture of wagons and agricultural implements, and commercially is not distinguished from the 

 wood of the Shellbark Hickories. 



The earhest authentic account of Hicoria glabra^ with an excellent figure of the nut, appeared in 



Catesby's Natural History of Carolina^ published in 1731 ; according to Aiton,^ it was introduced 

 into English gardens in 1799. 



Less variable than several of the other Hickory-trees in habit, foliage, and flowers, Hicoria glabra 

 varies more than any of them in the size and shape of its fruit ^ in one form the fruit is oblong and 

 usually pyriform, with thick husks splitting nearly to the middle or to the base, and thick-shelled nuts ; 

 in another ^ it is subglobose, with rather thinner husks spHtting freely to the base, and small compara- 

 tively thin-shelled nuts and better flavored kernels than those of the pear-shaped form. In Missouri a 

 variety ^ of the Pignut ^ with remarkably small buds, branchlets, petioles, and leaflets clothed with soft 

 yiUous pubescence, and rather large subglobose thick-shelled fruit, is common on dry flinty hills in the 

 neighborhood of Allenton. 



1 Macoun, CaL Can. PL 433. 



2 Bessey, Rep. Nebraska State Board Agric, 1894, 109. 



3 Harvey, Am. Jour. Forestry^ i. 453. 



BIgelow, and Pursh, although only the first of these authors consid- 

 ered it specifically distinct from the Pignut with oblong fruit. 

 Nuttall described a small-fruited Hickory in his Genera of North 

 American Plants j but figured in his Sylva as Carya microcarpa, a 



^ Mason, Variety and Distribution of Kansas Trees, 12. 



^ Nux Juglans Carolinensis fructu minimo putamine Icevi, i. 38, t. small fruit of Carya ovata with a branch of what is possibly the 



38. 



fructu 



118. 



Pignut, as shown by his specimen preserved in the herbarium of 

 Virgin. the Philadelphia Academy; and in his Sylva recognized the two 



forms of Hicoria glabra. 



Hicoria glabra, var. odorata, is common in eastern Massachusetts, 

 in Connecticut, eastern and central New York, eastern Pennsylva- 

 nia, Delaware, the District of Columbia, central Michigan, southern 

 Carya microcarpa, Nuttall, Gen. ii. 221 (1818); Sprengel, Indiana and Illinois, and in Missouri. In Massachusetts and in 



« Hart. Kew. ed. 2, v. 297 (Juglans glabra). 

 '^ Hicoria glabra, var. odorata. 



Juglans alba odorata, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 68 (1785). 



Syst. iii. 849. 



1451 



Fl, some parts of New York it grows side by side with the other 



Cestr. ed. 3, 264. — Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. form, the two trees being indistinguishable, but in other states it is 

 44. Chapman, Fl. 419. — De Candolle, Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. sometimes found in rather low ground, when the bark is scaly, 



143. 



Man 



Nat Mus 



Koch, Dendr. i. 596. — Ridg- although in rich 



Lauche, Deutsche Dendr, more scaly bark. 



sometimes 



308. 



Watson & Coulter, Graves Man. ed. 6, 469 



Flora) 



s Hicoria glabra, var. villosa. 



sometimes 



Brown 



W 



Fl, 



XV 



(1888). 



Hicorius odoratus^ Sargent, Garden and Forest, ii. 460 (18i 



Hicoria odorata, Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. ii. 335 (1892). 



This form was recognized by Humphrey Marshall, who 



Hickory, and Broom Hickory. The last name is said to be due to 

 the fact that in the early settlement of the country brooms were 

 made with narrow strips split from the wood of this tree, and 

 probably also from that of the other species. It has been sug- 

 gested that its most common name, the Pignut, is a corruption of 

 Fignut, from the shape of the fruit (Tucker, Trees of Worcester, 

 57), but Pignut, according to Catesby, was in use in Virginia early 



known to Muehlenberff, the younger Michaux, in the eighteenth century. 



