18 



SILVA OF NORTH AMEPdCA. 



CUPULIFER^. 



often associated witli the Hickories, the Red Oak, the Sour Gum, the White Ash, the Yello 



abundant and orows to its greatest height on the western 



Poplar, and the Cucumber-tree, and is most 



slopes of the Alleghany Mountains in Tennessee and the Carohnas, and on 



bottom-lands of 



lo 



Ohio ba 



1 



Usually sm 



states, it is only in this part of the country 



which was first cleared of its orisrinal forest coverin<r, that low broad-branched 



fo 



Q 



Individual trees beheved to be natural hybrids of Q 



11} 



lort-trunked specimens 

 with Qiiercus 



minor 



't I » 



/ 



arpa^ and Quercus Prlnus^^ have been observed in different parts of the country 



1 



1 Riclgway, P/v^r. U, S. I\^at. Mus. v. 78. 



cence of Quercus alba. The bark and nuts are those of Quercus 



- A tree discovered by Mr. M. S. Bebb, near Fountaindale, alba, while the deep cups, destitute of marginal fringe-like scales, 



Illinois, shows some of the characters of Quercus alba and Quercus resemble in form and in the character of their basal scales those 



minor, and is believed to be a hybrid between these species. The of some of the smaller-fruited forms of Quercus macrocarpa (E. 



leaves resemble those of Quercus alba in general outline ; the nar- Hall, Am, EnL and Bot. ii. 191. — Engelmann, h c), 



row lobes, however, are obovate and sometimes retuse, like those A tree discovered near Charlotte, Vermont, by Mr. C. G. Pringle 



of Quercus minor, and they are coated on the under surface and on in 1879 (Plate ccclx.), and apparently a hybrid between Quercus 



the petioles and young branches with soft pubescence. The cups alba and Quercus macrocarpa, has narrow or broadly obovate leaves, 



are shallow and pubescent Avith regular distinct scales somewhat with the oblique lobes of Quercus alba, their sinuses being mostly 



thickened at the base, and are thus intermediate between those of regular and shallow, although some leaves are divided nearly to 



the two supposed parents (Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii. the middle by the deep broad sinuses so characteristic of Quercus 



398). inacrocarpa. Some of the individual leaves are green and nearly 



Near Silver Springs Station, in the neighborhood of the city of glabrous on the under surface, and others are pale and more or 



Washington, Dr. George Vasey discovered several years ago a less coated with pubescence. The nuts are an inch in length, 



tree of probably similar parentage. The leaves are oblong, narrow and elongated, and resemble those of Quercus alba; the 



rounded at the narrow base, and irregularly cut into narrow cups are turbinate, entirely destitute of marginal fringe, coated 



oblique or spreading lobes ; more elongated than those of the ordi- with thick pale tomentum and covered with green triangular scales 



nary forms of Quercus alba, which they otherwise generally resem- which, except that they are somewhat more thickened toward the 



ble, they are thicker and firmer, however, darker green on the base of the cup, resemble those of Quercus macrocarpa. Seedlings 



upper surface and slightly pubescent on the lower. The fruit is raised from acorns of this tree were planted in the Arnold Arbo- 



long-pedunculate, with obtuse nuts about three quarters of an inch return in 1880, and reproduce the foliage of the parent. Their 



in length, and shallow cups covered with distinct lanceolate acute winter-buds, which are acute, are often nearly half an inch in 



or truncate scales slightly thickened near the base of the cup only. length, or longer than those of either of the supposed parents, and 



The bark is described as darker and closer than that of the White are covered with the light reddish brown scales scarious on the 



Oak. The buds and leaves are slightly modified from those of margins of Quercus macrocarpa, they are often accompanied, like 



Quercus alba, while the fruit resembles that of Quercus minor those of this species, by the persistent stipules of the upper leaves. 



(Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, x. 25, t. 29). The trees grow much more rapidly than the specimens of Quercus 



A single tree (Plate ccclix.), found by Mr. George W. Letterman alba and Quercus macrocarpa in the same plantation. 



^ On the grounds of Mr. John Saul, the horticulturist and nursery- 



Wash 



on Buckley's Hill, near AUenton, INIissouri, has the habit, general 



appearance, and bai*k of Quercus alba. The buds, although rather n 



larger, are like those of Quercus minor. The leaves, also, generally discovered a tree which appears intermediate between Quercus alba 



resemble those of this species in outline and in their broader obtuse and Quercus Prinus (Plate ccclxi.). Saul's Oak is a tree about fifty 



lobes, although individual leaves with the narrow rounded oblique feet high in a grove of Eed and White Oaks and Chestnut-trees, 



lobes of Quercus alba are frequent. While young they are coated The bark is said to combine the characters of its supposed parents, 



with the tawny stellate pubescence of Quercus minor, and at ma- The buds are ovate, acute, and nearly a quarter of an inch long, 



turity are glabrous, or pubescent with scattered stellate hairs on "with the pale brown scales scarious and slightly ciliate on the 



the upper surface, and pale, pubescent, or glabrate on the lower. margins of Quercus Prinus. The leaves are elongated, slightly or 



The anthers, like those of Quercus minor, are hirsute. The nuts, c 



which are about an inch in length, resemble those of Quercus alba^ at the narrow base, and pale and nearly glabrous on the lower sur- 



Avhile the cup differs from that of common forms of Quercus minor face, with six or seven pairs of long narrow acute, or on some indi- 



rounded 



only in the somewhat thicker scales at its base. 



^iduals short broad and rounded lateral lobes. Some of the leaves, 



3 A tree believed to be a hybrid between Quercus alba and especially those from lower branches, are not distinguishable from 



Quercus macrocarpa was found several years ago by Mr. M. S, the leaves of Quercus Prinus, while others, with their deep narrow 



Bebb, near Fountaindale, Illinois. The leaves resemble those of sinuses, are more like those of Quercus alba. The fruit is lone- 



Quercus alba, except in the pubescent covering on their lower pedunculate, resembling that of Quercus Prinus in size and shape, 



surface, although some individual leaves are almost exactly like but the cup-scales are rather freer than they are in this species 



those of ordinary forms of Quercus macrocarpa in shape ; like (Vasey, I. c. 25, t. 28). 



those of Quercus cdba they turn deep red in the autumn. The Another tree, found by Dr. Georo^e Vasey near the Soldiers* 



cup is a little deeper than the cup of Quercus alba, with the prom- Home in Washington in 1874, growing with Quercus alba and 



inent triangular scales of Quercus macrocarpa (Engelmann, I. c). 



Quercus Prinus, and destroyed four years later, possessed some 



Another tree of probably the same parentage, discovered near characters of both of its supposed parents. The slightly pubescent 

 Athens, Illinois, by Mr. Elihu Hall, has the leaves of Quercus branchlets and the winter-buds were those of Quercus Prinus. The 

 macrocarpa, although they are covered whUe young with the pubes- leaves, which were incisely lobed with oblique rounded lobes, were 



