CUPULIFER^. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



29 



QUERCUS GARRYANA 



White Oak. 



Leaves obovate or oblong, coarsely pinnatifid lobed. 



Quercus Garry ana, Hooker, FL Bor.-Am. ii. 159 (1839). 



Hooker & Axnott 



Voy. Beecheyy 391. — Nuttall, 



Bay Region^ 302. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 281, t. 2, 5. 

 Lloyd, Garden and Forest^ vii. 494, £, 78. 



Sylva, i. 1, t. 1. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 309. — Torrey, Pa- Quercus Nesei, Liebmann, Oversigt Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk 



cific R. i?. Rep* iv. 138 ; Bot. Wilkes FxjjIot. Exped, 



Newberry, Pacific R. R, Rep, vi. 89. — Cooper, 



462. 



Forhandl. 1854, 173. — Orsted, Liebmann Chenes Am 

 Trop. 23, t. 41, f. 1, 2. 



Pacific R, R. Rep. xii. pt. ii- 28, 68 ; Am. Nat. iii. Quercus Douglasii, 8 ? Nesei, A. de Candolle, Prodr. xvi. 



407. 



R. Brown Campst. Horm Sylvance^ 60. 



Lyall, 



pt. ii. 24 (1864). 



Jour. Linn. Soc. vii. 131, 144. — A. de Candolle, Prodr. ? Quercus CErstediana, R. Brown Campst- Ann. and Mag. 



xvi. pt. ii. 24. — Bolander, Proc. Cal. Acad. iii. 229. 

 Orsted, Vidensk. Medd. fra nat. For. Kjobenh. 1866, ( 



Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vii- 250 (1871). — Greene, West Am. 

 OakSy t. 10 (in part). 



Liehmann CMnes Am. Trop. t. 40, f. 3, — Rothrock, Quercus Jacobi, R. Brown Campst. ^?zn. and Mag. Nat. 



Smithsonian Rep. 1867, 435 (Fl. Alaska). — Engelmann, 

 Trans. St. Loitis Acad. iii. 389 ; Brewer & Watson 



Hist. ser. 4, vii. 255 (1871). — Greene, West Am. OakSy 



75, t. 35, 36, f. 1. 



Bot. Cal. ii. 95. — Kellogg, Forest Trees of California^ Quercus Gilberti, Greene, West Am. Oaks^ pt. ii. 77, t 



89. 



IX. 



138. 



Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. IQth Census U. S. 



Greene, West Am. Oaks, 11, t. 7 ; Man. Bot 



37 (1890). 



A tree, with an average height o£ sixty or seventy feet;, but sometimes growing nearly one hundred 

 feet tall, with a trunk two or three feet in diameter, and stout ascending or spreading branches which 

 form a broad compact head ; or frequently at high elevations, or when it is exposed to the direct winds 

 from the ocean, reduced to a low shrub.^ The bark of the trunk varies from an eighth of an inch to 

 nearly an inch in thickness ; it is divided by shallow fissures into broad ridges, and separates on the 

 surface into light brown or gray scales sometimes slightly tinged with orange-color. The branchlets, 

 which are stout and marked with many conspicuous pale lenticels, are coated at first with thick pale 

 rufous pubescence, and during their first winter are pubescent or tomentose and light or dark orange- 

 color, becoming glabrous and rather bright reddish brown in their second year, and ultimately gray. 

 The winter-buds are ovate, acute, and from one third to oiie half of an inch in length, and are densely 

 clothed with light ferrugineous tomentum. The leaves are convolute in the bud, oblong-ob ovate and 

 wedge-shaped or rounded at the base, with slightly thickened revolute margins, and are divided by 

 shallow sinuses into seven or nine lobes, the terminal lobe being rounded and acute or three-lobed at 

 the apex, and the lateral lobes, which increase in size from the bottom of the leaf upwards, being acute 

 or sometimes apiculate or rounded and often notched or lobed ; when they unfold they are coated with 

 soft pale lustrous pubescence, and at maturity they are thick and firm or subcoriaceous, dark green^ 



gflabrate in 



lustrous and glabrous on the 



upper surface, hght green or orange-brown, pubescent, or ^ 



some shrubby forms, on the lower surface, from four to six inches long and from two to five inches 



broad, with stout light yellow midribs and 



conspicuous primary 



veins spreading at wide angles or 



gradually diverging from the midrib and running to the points of the upper lobes ; ^ they are borne 



shrubs 



On one 



1 On the shores of Puget Sound and on some of its islands what These 



is evidently a depauperate form of this species is not uncommon, of their sterile shoots, Quercus Gilberti was established, 



its low stems composing dense thickets from two to six feet in ^ The spreading of the primary veins at narrow angles from the 



diameter and a few feet in height. The leaves are thin, pale on midrib, which often occurs in individual leaves of Quercus Garryana 



the lower surface, and acutely lobed, the usually divided lobes (Plate ccclxv.f. 2), as it does in those of many other Oak-trees, and 



and winter- is particularly noticeable in the leaves of Quercus GwnheUi of the 



branchlets 



terminating in minute rigid points. The 



buds are not distinguishable from those of Quercus Garryana, 



wi 



