84 



8ILVA OF NOETH AMERICA. 



CUPULIFER^. 



ecl-bro 



coated with pale tomentum, usually thickened, united, and tuberculate at the base of 



the cup and produced into small acute ciliate tips near the margin 



or 



sometimes only the 



thickened and the others are thin and furnished with free elongated tip 



Q 



Engehiicmnl inhabits southwestern California, where, minghng with Q 



agrifol 



it is scattered over low hills west of the coast ranges from the neighborhood of Sierra Madre to the 

 mesa east of San Diego, occupying a belt about fifty miles in width and extending to within fifteen 



twenty miles of the coast. 

 The wood of Quercics Eng 



difficult 



season ; it is dark brown 



very heavy, hard, strong, and close-grained, but brittle and 

 early black, with thick lighter brown sapwood, and contains 



small 

 rays. 



open 



2red 



numerous 



groups par 



Jlel to the broad and very conspicuous medullary 

 The specific gravity of the absolutely dry wood is 0.9441, a cubic foot weighing 58.84 pounds. 



It is valued and sometimes used for fuel. 



First noticed by Dr. C. C. Parry,^ this tree was long confounded with Quercus ohlongifolia of New 



Mexico and Arizona, from which it was separated by Professor E. L. Greene,^ who associated with it 

 the name of Dr. Georg-e Eno^elmann.^ 



Qitercits Migehnanni is a handsome tree^ easily distinguished from the green-leaved evergreen 



Oakj with which it usually grows^ by the blue color of its leaves, and from its nearest botanical 

 congener, Quercus ohlongifolia^ by its darker furrowed bark, its thicker and darker leaves, larger fruit 

 with thicker cup-scales, and yellow cotyledons. 



^ See vii. 130. University of Heidelberg in 1827, and in the following year, owing 



2 Edward Lee Greene was born on the 20th of April, 1842, in to some political difficulties at Heidelberg, he joined the Berlin 



Hopkinton, Washington County, Rhode Island, Beginning the study University, where he remained for two years, going thence to 



of plants at the age of five, he had gained, with the assistance of Mrs. Wiirzburg, where in 1831 he took his degree in the department of 



Lincoln's Botany, a good understanding of the local flora before he medicine, his inaugural thesis, De Antholysi Prodromus, a morpho- 



was twelve years old, when he went with his family to central Illi- logical dissertation, being published the following year and attract- 



nois, and, two years later, to southern Wisconsin, where he had ing some attention. A few months of study having been spent in 



the advantage of instruction from the Swedish naturalist, Thurn Paris with Agassiz and Alexander Braun, later the distinguished 



Kumlien. Having then engaged in teaching for several years, and Berlin botanist. Dr. Engelmann sailed for America, where some 



having tramped repeatedly over almost all the country between members of his family had become interested in land investments 



Lake Michigan and northern Georgia and Alabama in pursuit of in the Mississippi valley. After a long and adventuresome solitary 



botanical knowledge, Mr. Greene went to Denver, Colorado, in 1870 journey tlu'ough the forests of Arkansas and northern Louisiana, 



and became connected with Bishop Randall's new " Jarvis Hall" Dr. Engelmaim established himself in St. Louis, where he resided 



institution as an instructor in science and a student of theology. during the remainder of his life, engaged in the practice of medi- 



He was ordained in the Episcopal Church in 1873, and was sta- cine, which brought him high standing, fame, and wealth, while 



tioned successively at Pueblo, Colorado, at Vallejo, California, at the few leisure hours snatched from the demands of an absorbing 



in northern Cali- profession were devoted to botany and meteorology. As a botanist, 



vas called to St. Dr. Engelmann confined himself to mastering by patient study the 



missionary 



fornia, Arizona, and New Mexico. Li 1881 he was called to St. 

 Mark's Church in Berkeley, California, and in 1882 was appointed most difficult groups of flowering plants, studying them year after 

 lecturer, in 1884 instructor, and in 1885 assistant professor of year, and leaving when his work was done little for the followers 

 botany in the University of California. In 1884 Mr. Greene re- in liis chosen fields to garner. In this manner he elaborated the 

 nounced the Episcopal faith, and was received into the Roman Cactacese and the North American species of Cuscuta, Juncus, 

 Catholic Church, and in 1894 was named professor of botany in the Yucca, Agave, Quercus, Pinus, Abies, and Juniperus. Nearly all 

 Catholic University of America in the City of Washington. In his life a closet botanist, working with scanty and often insufficient 

 addition to papers in which many new species of plants are pro- material in his own herbarium or in those of Europe, which he 

 posed, in the Bulletin of the Academy of Science of California and in visited several times for botanical investigations, it was only to- 

 botanical journals, Mr. Greene has published two papers on the ward the end of his career that he was able to see with his own 

 Oaks of western America, an incompleted Flora Franciscaua, parts eyes living individuals of many of the western plants he had first 

 of a Manual of the Botany of the Region of San Francisco Bay, and 

 two volumes of Pittonia^ a series of papers relating to botany and 

 botanists. 



known 



Those who knew George Engelmann well will never forget this 

 friendly broad-minded, learned, and modest man, his many kind- 

 Greenella, an herb discovered by him in southern Arizona, was nesses, his practical common sense, his unbounded good nature and 



good fellowship, or the pleasure of his society. His name is pre- 



named in his honor by Asa Gray. 



3 George Engelmann (1809-1884) was born at Frankfort-on-the- served by the yellow-flowered Engelmannia of the western plains, 



Main, where his father, a member of the younger branch of the dedicated to him by Torrey and Gray, by the handsomest of all 



Engelmann family, which for many generations had furnished Spruce-trees, by a conspicuous Cactus of the deserts and coasts of 



clergymen to Bacharach on the Rhine, was likewise a clergyman California, and by many smaller plants ; and it will live in honored 



and the master of a successful school for young ladies. George remembrance as long as the trees of the New World remain a 



Engelmann was the oldest of thirteen children. He entered the subject of interest to students. 



