CUPULEFEE^. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA, 



119 



QUERCUS WISLIZENI 



Live Oak. 



Leaves usually oblong-lanceolate, entire, serrate or sinuate-dentate, dark green 



and lustrous. 



Quercus Wislizeni, A. de Candolle, Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 67 

 (excl. habitat) (1864). — Orsted, Vidensk. Medd.fra nat. 

 For. Kjohenh. 1866, 73. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis 

 Acad. iii. 396 ; Breiver & Watson Bot. Cal. ii. 98. — Wen- 

 zig, Jahrh. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 219. — Sargent, Forest 

 Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 147. — Kellogg, Forest 

 Trees of California, 134. — Greene, West Am. Oaks, 5, 



Fauna, No. 7, 334 {Death Valleij Exped. ii.). — Coville, 

 Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 197 (Bot. Death Valley 

 Exped.). 



Wislizeni 



Wi 



Cal. 

 219. 



u. 



98. 



Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii 



S. B. Parish, Zoe, iv. 346. 



t. 3, 4; Man. Bot. Bay Region, 303. — Mayr, Wald. Quercus parvula, Greene, Pizl^oma, i. 40 (1887). 

 Nordam. 262, t. 2, 3. — Merriam, North American 



lighter colored. 



A tree, occasionally seventy or eighty feet in height, with a short trunk from four to six feet in 

 diameter and stout spreading branches which form a round-tojDped head ; usually much smaller and 

 sometimes reduced to an intricately branched shrub with numerous stems only a few feet tall. The 

 bark on old trunks is from two to three inches thick, and is divided into broad rounded often connected 

 ridges separating on the surface into small thick closely appressed dark brown scales shghtly tinged 

 with red ; on younger trunks and on large branches it is much thinner, generally smooth and rather 



The branchlets are slender, rigid, and marked with minute pale scattered lenticels, 

 and when they first appear are coated with hoary tomentum or covered with loose scattered stellate 

 pubescence ; during their first season they are puberulous or glabrous and rather light red-brown or 

 gray-brown slightly tinged with red, and in their second year begin to grow darker. The winter-buds 

 are ovate or oval, acute, from an eighth to nearly a quarter of an inch long, and covered by closely 

 imbricated light chestnut-brown scales ciliate on the margins with occasional soft white hairs, especially 

 on those near the apex of the bud. The leaves are revolute in vernation, mostly oblong-lanceolate but 

 varying from narrowly lanceolate to broadly oval, rounded or truncate or gradually narrowed and 

 wedge-shaped at the base, acute or rounded and generally apiculate at the apex, and entire, serrulate 

 or serrate, or sinuate-dentate with spreading rigid spinescent teeth ; when they unfold they are thin, 

 dark red, ciliate on the margins, and covered with pale scattered caducous stellate hairs, and when fully 



grown they are thick and coriaceous, glabrous and 



lustrous, dark green on 



the upper and paler and 



yellow-green on the lower surface, usually an inch or an inch and a half long and about two thirds of 

 an inch wide, but varying from half an inch to five inches in length and from one third of an inch to 

 an inch and a half in width, with narrow yellow midribs rounded and raised on the upper side, 

 obscure primary veins arcuate and united near the thickened slightly revolute margins, and conspicuous 

 reticulate veinlets ; they are borne on slender nearly terete petioles coated at first with hoary tomentum 

 and usually pubescent or puberulous at maturity, and from an eighth of an inch to nearly an inch in 

 length, and fall gradually during their second summer and autumn. The stipules are obovate-lanceolate 

 or linear-lanceolate, brown and scarious, ciliate with pale hairs, nearly an inch long, and caducous. The 

 flowers appear in early spring with the unfolding of the leaves, the staminate borne in hairy aments three 

 or four inches in length, the pistillate being sessile or short-stalked. The calyx of the staminate flower is 

 tinged with red in the bud, and is deeply divided into broadly ovate ciliate glabrous light yellow lobes 

 shorter than the stamens, which vary in number from three to six and are composed of slender filaments 

 and oblong slightly apiculate glabrous yellow anthers. The involucral scales of the pistiUate flower and 



