CUPULrFEE^. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



125 



QUERCUS RUBRA 



Red Oak. 



Leaves oblong-obovate to oblong, pinnatifid-lobed, the lobes tapering gradually 

 from broad bases, and acute and usually dentate at the ends. 



Quercus rubra, Linnaeus, Spec. 996 (1753). — Miller, Diet. 

 ed. 8, No. 8. — Muenchhausen, Hausv. v. 251. — Du Roi, 



P 



Hi 



Obs. 35 ; Harhk. Baumz. ii. 265, t. 5, f. 2. 



Wan gen- 



3 (1772). 



heim, Beschreib. Nordam. Holz. 134 (excL syn. Grono- Quercus rubra, a latifolia, Lamarck, Dzci. i. 720 (1783). 



vius). — Lamarck, Diet. i. 720. — Moench, Baume We 



Mont 



Alton,. 



94; Meth 

 Walter, Ft 



Mat. Med 



EorU Kew. ed. 2, v. 292. — Loudon, Arb. Brit iii. 1877. 



234. 



Castiglioni, Viaff. negli Stati ? Quercus rubra, y subserrata, Lamarck, Diet i. 720 



U7iitiy ii. 347. — Willdenow 



(1783). 



Castiglioni, Viaff. negli Stati Uiiiti, ii. 348. 



•kh 



Michaux, Hist 



Walter) ; Spec. iv. pt. i 



Handb. Forstbot, i. 703. 



20, t. 35, 36 ; FL Bor.-Am. ii. 200. — Persoon, Syii. ii. 



569. — Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii. 511. — Du Mont de 



Courset, Bot. Cult ed. 2, vi. 423. — Michaux f . Hist. Arb. 



Am, ii. 126, t. 26. — Pursh, FL Am. Sept. ii. 630. 



low, FL Boston. 227.— Nuttall, Gen. ii. 214. 



Quercus rubra maxima, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 122 



(1785). 



Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. i. 704. 



Mueh 



Bige- 



Nouveaic 



Dithamelj vii. 170. — Hayne, Dendr. FL 157. — Elliott, 



lenberg & Willdenow, Neue Schrift. GeselL Nat. Fr. Ber- 

 lin^ iii. 397. 

 Quercus rubra montana, Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. i. 

 705 (not Marshall) (1800). — Aiton, ^or^ Kew. ed. 2, v. 

 292.— Loudon, Arb. Brit. iii. 1877. — Dippel, Handb. 

 Lanbholzk. ii, 118. 



Sk. ii. 602. — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 863. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.- Quercus ambigua, Michaux f . Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 120, t. 24 



Am. ii. 158. — Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 165. — Torrey, FL 

 N. T. ii. 189, t. 106. — Emerson, Trees Mass. 148, t. 10 ; 

 ed. 2, i- 168, t. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 310. — Darlington, Fl. 



(1812). — Pursh, FL Am. Sept ii. 630. — Nuttall, Gen 



ii. 214. — Loudon, Arb. Brit. iii. 1881, f . 1479, t. 

 pel, Handb. Lanbholzk. ii. 120. 



Dip. 



Cestr. ed. 3, 269. — Brendel, Trans. III. Agric. Soc. iii. Quercus coccinea, ^, Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 165 (1842). 

 369, t. 9. — Curtis, Bep. Geolog. Siirv. N. Car. 1860, iii. Quercus coccinea, var. ambigua, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 454 



41. 



Chapman, FL 422 (in part). — A. de Candolle, 

 Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 60 (in part). — Orsted, Vidensk. Medd. 



(1867). — Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 186. 

 Watson & Coulter, Gray^s Man. ed. 6, 478. 



fra nat. For. Kjobenh. 1866, 72 ; Liebmann Chenes Am. ? Quercus rubra, y Miihlenbergii, Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot^ 



Trop. t. A, B. — Wesmael, BtilL Fed. Soc. Hort. Belg. 



Gart. Berlin, iii. 186 (1885). 



1869, 345. — Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 70. — Engelmann^ Quercus rubra, a viridis, Dippel, Handb. Lanbholzk. ii 



Trans. St. Lonis Acad. iii. 394 (in part). — Lauche, 



118 (1892). 



Deutsche Dendr. 299. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. Quercus rubra, c Schref eldii, Dippel, Handb. Lanbholzk 



XOth Census U. S. ix. 147 (in part). — Wenzig, Jahrb. 



ii. 118 (1892). 



Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 186. — Houba, Chenes Am. en Bel- Quercus rubra, d heterophylla, Dippel, Handb. Laub- 



giqne, 124, t. — Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 



477. 

 Handb 



133. 



Nordam 



Dippel, 



Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 



holzk. ii. 118 (1892). 

 Quercus rubra, e aurea, Dippel, Handb. Lanbholzk. ii 

 119 (1892). 



A tree, usually seventy or eighty or occasionally nearly one hundred and fifty feet in height, with a 

 trunk three or four feet in diameter and stout branches which^ spreading gradually, usually form a 

 comparatively narrow round-topped head, or, growing nearly at right angles with the stem, a broader and 

 more symmetrical head. The bark of the trunk is an inch or an inch and a half in thickness, dark 

 brown tinged with red, and divided into broad thin rounded ridges broken into small thick appressed 

 plates scaly on the surface ; on young stems and on the upper part of the limbs of large trees it is 

 smooth and Hght gray. The branchlets are slender, lustrous, and marked with small scattered pale 

 lenticels ; when they first appear they are bright green and lustrous and covered with pale scurfy caducous 



