126 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA 



CUPULIFER^E. 



pubescence, and during their first 



are 



dark red, b 



more or 



less 



tinned with oUve 



t> 



in their second and third years^ and ultimately dark brown 



The 



buds are ovate^ gr 



adually 



wed to the acute apex, about a quarter of an inch long, and covered by numerous closely imb 



ted thin ovate acute light chestnut-brown scales. 



The 



obovate 



oblong in outline, abruptly or gradually wedge-shaped 



convolute in 

 rounded at \ 



e bud, generally 

 broad or narrow 



base, and usually divided about half way to the midribs by wide oblique sinuses rounded at the bottom 

 into eleven, or sometimes into seven or nine acute oblique ovate lobes j these taper gradually from broad 

 bases, and are mostly sinuately three-toothed at the apex with elongated bristle-pointed teeth, mcreasmg 

 in size from the bottom of the leaf to those of the last pair but one, which are usually the largest ; or 

 sometimes the leaves are oblong-obovate, gradually narrowed and wedge-shaped at the 



base and 



smu- 



lobed with broad acute 



lUally 



htly dentate lobes 



w^ 



hen 



ey unfold they are pink 



covered with soft silky pale pubescence on the upper surface and clothed on the lower with thick white 

 tomentum, but soon become nearly glabrous, and when about one third grown are light green and very 

 lustrous, and hang on their long stalks close against the branchlet ; at maturity they are thin and firm, 

 dark green, dull and glabrous on the upper surface, and on the lower surface paler yellow-green, 

 glabrous or rarely puberulous, and sometimes furnished with small tufts of rusty hairs in the axils of the 



they are from five to nine inches long and from fo 



ches broad, with slender yellow 



dribs and primary veins which are rounded, conspicuous and often red above, especially the midrib 



3 lateral veins arcuate and united near the shghtly thickened 



toward the base of the leaf, obscur 



d 



they are borne on stout yellow or red petioles from 



two inches 



d fall rather early in the autumn after having turned a dull or sometimes a bright 



orange-color or brown. 



The stipules are linear-lanceolate, thin and scarious 



first white but 



& 



brown, about two thirds of an inch in leno-th and cad 



& 



The flowers appear when the 



are about half grown, the staminate borne on slender pedicels about one twelfth of an inch long in 



pubescent aments four or five inches in length, and the pistillate 



t> 



labrous ped 



The 



young bud of the staminate flower is pink but soon turns green and is furnished at the apex with a tuft 



of slender pale ha 



calyx is deeply divided into four or five 



ounded lobes shorter 



hich are usually four or five in number, with large oblong emarginate 



glabrous 



yellow anthers. The bud of the pistillate flower is bright red and tipped with a cluster of white hairs 



the 



broadly ovate, dark reddish brown 



than the 



linear 



bract of the flower, and as long as the lanceolate acute calyx-lobes or much shorter ; the stigmas are 

 elongated, spreading, and bright green. The fruit, which ripens in the autumn of the second year, is 

 solitary or in pairs and sessile or borne on a thick peduncle rarely more than a quarter of an inch in 



length ; 



the nut is oblong-ovoid or oval, with a broad base, and is full or gradually narrowed and 



rounded at the apex, from three quarters of an inch to an inch and a quarter long and from half an 

 inch to an inch wide ; the cup, which embraces only the base or sometimes nearly a quarter of the nut, 

 is thick, shallow and saucer-shaped, or turbinate, with a thin or thick rim, and is reddish brown and 

 puberulous within and covered by thin closely imbricated ovate acute bright red-brown puberulous 

 scales.^ 



1 A tree found by Dr. Engelmaun on the bottom-lands of the ance, as suggested by the discoverer, of being a hybrid between 

 Mississippi River opposite St. Louis (Quercus rubra, j6 runcinata, Quercus rubra and Quercus hnbricaria. The leaves are three or four 

 A. de Candolle, Prodr, xvi. pt, ii. 60 (1864). — Gray, Man, ed. 5, inches long, oblong-obovate, rounded at the base, sinuate-dentate 



454. 



— Engelmaun, Trans. St. Louis Acad, iii, 394. — Weuzig, with bristly pointed teeth, and pubescent on the lower surface. 

 Jahrb. Boi. Gart. Berlin, iii. 186), with oblong narrow acutely dentate The fruit resembles in the shape of the nut and cup that of Quercus 



three 



or entire-lobed leaves and small fruit, recalls in the ferrugineous rubra, but is onlj 



color of the lower surface of the leaves and in their occasionally A tree about forty feet high found by Professor T. C. Porter 



falcate lobes some forms of Quercus digitata, and is possibly a on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania, has the winter-buds and 



hybrid between that species and Quercus rubra. 



the fruit of Quercus velutina, but the leaves resemble in general 



A tree, found in 1893 by Mr. B. F. Bush (Garden and Forest, outline those of Quercus rubra, although they are coated on the 

 viii. 33) one mile east of Independence, Missouri, has the appear- lower surface when fully grown with pale pubescence and furnished 



