CUrULIFERiE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



129 



QUERCUS TEXANA 



Red Oak. 



Leaves obovate, truncate or abruptly wedge-shaped at the base, deeply pinnatifid- 

 lobed with broad rounded sinuses, the lobes sinuate-dentate at the usually broad apex. 



Quercus Texana, Buckley^ Proc. Phil Acad. 1860, 444. 



Young, Bot. Texas, 507. — Sargent, Garden and Forest, 



vii. 514, f. 81, 82. 

 Quercus palustris, Torrey & Gray, Pacific B. B. Bep. ii. 



mann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii. 394 (in part). 



Sar- 



part) . 

 part) . 



'-est Trees N. Am. lO^A Census I 

 Watson & Coulter, Chray's Man 



pt. iii. 175 (not Muenchhausen) (1855). — Chapman, FL Quercus coccinea. Chapman, FL 422 (in part) (1860). 



ed. 2, Suppl. 649. — Coulter, Contrih U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 



417 {Man. PL W. Texas). 

 Quercus coccinea var. ? microcarpa, Torrey, Bot. Mex. 



Bound. Surv. 206 (1858). 

 Quercus rubra, Chapman, FL 422 (in part) (1860). — A. 



de CandoUe, Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 60 (in part). 



Engel- 



Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, xviii. 156. — Sargent, Forest 



N. 



ida). 



Quercus rubra, var. Texana, Buckley, Proc. PhiL Acad. 



1881, 123. — Engelmann, Bot. Gazette, vii. 14. — 

 gent. Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 148. 



Sar- 



A tree^ occasionally almost two hundred feet in height, with a trunk free of branches for eighty 

 or ninety feet and seven or eight feet in diameter above a much enlarged and strongly buttressed base, 

 and comparatively small branches which spread into a narrow open head ; often much smaller and 

 toward the western limits of its range in Texas usually not more than thirty or forty feet tall, or 

 sometimes reduced to a shrub. The bark of the trunk is from three quarters of an inch to an inch and 

 a half in thickness, light brown tinged with red, and divided into broad ridges broken into thick square 

 plate-like scales ; that of young trunks and branches is thin, smooth, and light gray. The branchlets 

 are stout, brittle, and marked with oblong pale lenticels, and when they first appear are coated with 



hoary pub 



but 



become glabrous and bright g 



during their first winter they 



5 



eddish brown, and in their second 



shy gray or dark b 



The 



buds are ovate or obovate, full and abruptly rounded at the apex, and from one eighth to one quarter of 



inch long, with thin closely imbricated dark b 



scales. The 



are convolute in 



bud 



obovate in outline, truncate or abruptly or rarely gradually wedge-shaped at the broad base, and usually 



seven, rarely nine, or sometimes five-lobed by wide or n£ 

 the terminal lobe is oblongf, dentate or entire toward the 



oblique sinuses rounded ; 

 3 apex, and furnished with 



J bottom 

 spreading 



lateral teeth ; the lateral lobes are contracted below the broad apex or occasionally taper from the base, 

 and above the middle are coarsely repandly dentate with slender bristle-pointed teeth ; they increase in 

 size from the lowest, which are frequently triangular and entire, to the upper, which are usually broader 

 and longer than those below them, although frequently the middle lobes are the largest, or in western 

 Texas, where the leaves are often five-lobed, the lateral lobes are often nearly triangular and entire or 

 obscurely dentate ; when they unfold the leaves are light red and coated with pale scurfy pubescence 

 which is thickest on the lower side ; this soon disappears, and when they are fully grown they are thin 

 and firm, bright green, lustrous and glabrous above and on the lower surface paler and furnished with 

 large tufts of pale hairs in the axils of the primary veins, from two and a half to six inches long and 

 from two to five inches broad, with slender red or yellow midribs and primary veins raised and rounded 



the upper side, and obscure lateral veins arcuate and united within the thick cartilaginous marg 



are bo 



d connected by fine reticulate veinlets, which are more prominent above than below j they 



rne 



slender nearly terete reddish petioles from 



inches in length, and late in the autumn turn 



