CUPULIFERJE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA, 



137 



QUERCUS VELUTINA. 



Black Oak. Yellow-bark Oak 



Leaves ovate or oboyate, slightly or deeply lobed, with broad or narrow nearly 

 entire or dentate lobes, usually pubescent on the lower surface. 



Quercus velutina, Lamarck, Diet. i. 721 (1783). — Koch, 

 Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 68. — Lauclie, Deutsche Dendr. 299. 

 Sudworth, Rep. Sec. Agric. U. S. 1892, 328. 



Quercus nigra, Ru Roi, Earbk. Baumz.n. 272 (excl. syn.), 



Fl. 422. — Orsted, Vidensk. Medd. fra nat. For. Kjdheiih. 

 1866, 45, 72, f. 18 ; Liehmann Chenes Am. Trojy. 9, 



f. 6. 



N. 



ix. 149. — Houba, Chenes Am. en Belgirpie, 187, t. 



t. 6, f. 1 (not Linnaeus) (1772). — M.^.r^haXl, Arhust. Am. Quercus tinctoria, u, angulosa, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Avi. 



120. 



Wangenheim, Nordam. Holz. 79, t. 6, f. 16. 



Quercus discolor, Alton, Hort. Kew. iii. 358 (1789). 



ii. 198 (1803). — Loudon, Arb. Brit. iii. 1885, f. 1753, 

 1754. 



Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 274 ; Sjjec. iv. pt. i. 444 ; Quercus tinctoria, /3 sinuosa, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii 



Emtm. 976. — Abbot & Smith, Insects of Georgia, ii. Ill, 



198 (1803).— Loudon, Arb. Brit. iii. 1885, f. 1755 



t. 56. 



Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. i. 714. — Persoon, 



1757. 



Orsted, Liebviann Chenes Am. Trap. t. C. 



Syn. ii. 569. — Poiret, Lam. Diet. Suppl. ii. 221. — Nut- ? Quercus Shumardii, Buckley, Proc. Phil. Acad. 1860, 



tall. Gen. ii. 214. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 601. — Sprengel, Syst. 

 iii. 863. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 310. 

 Quercus tinctoria, Michaux, Hist. Chenes Am. No. 13, 



444. 

 Quercus coccinea, ^ nigrescens, A. de Candolle, Prodr. 

 xvi. pt. ii. 61 (1864). 



t. 24, 25 (1801) ; Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 198. — Willdenow, Spec. Quercus coccinea, y tinctoria, A. de Candolle, Prodr. 



iv. pt. i. 444 ; Fnum. 976. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 569. 

 Bosc Mem. Inst. Nat. Sci. Phys. Math. viii. pt. i. 347. 

 Desfontaines Hist. Arb. ii. 509. — Poiret, Lam. Diet. 



xvi. pt. ii. 61 (1864). — Gray, Man. ed. 5, 454. — W 

 mael, Bull. Fed. Sac. Hort. Belg. 1869, 347, t. 14. 

 Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 477. 



Suppl. ii. 221. — Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 110, t. ? Quercus coccinea, 8 Rugelii, A. de Candolle, Prodr. xvi 



22. 

 214. 



Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 629. — Nuttall, Gen. ii 



pt. ii. 62 (1864). 



Nouveau Dichamel, vii. 170, t. 47 f. 1. — Hayne, Quercus tinctoria, a discolor, Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk 



Dendr. Fl. 156. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 601. — Sprengel, Syst. 



ii. 121, f. 58 (1892). 



iii. 862. — Audubon, Birds, t. 82. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.- Quercus tinctoria, )8 magniflca, Dippel, Handb. Laub- 



Am. ii. 158. — Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 164. — Torrey, Fl 



holzk. ii. 122, f. 58 (1892). 



N. Y. ii. 188. — Emerson, Trees Mass. 141, t. 7, 8 ; ed. Quercus tinctoria, y macrophylla, Dippel, Handb. Laub- 



2, i. 160, t. — Gray, Man. 416. — Darlington, Fl. Cestr. 



ed. 3, 268 



Morren, Belg. Hort. iii. 363, t. 54. 



Brendel, Trans. III. Agric. Soc. iii. 627, t. 8. — Curtis, 

 Pep. Geolog. Suru. N. Car. 1860, iii. 39. — Chapman, 



holzk. ii. 123, f. 59 (1892). 

 Quercus tinctoria, 8 nobilis, Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk 

 ii. 124, f. 60 (1892). 



A tree, often seventy or eighty and occasionally one hundred and fifty feet in height, with a trunk 



th 



four feet in diameter and slender branches which spread gradually 



open head. 

 Q inch and 



The bark of the trunk is deep orange-color internally, from three quarters of an inch to an ii 



a half in thickness, and is deeply divided into broad rounded ridges broken on the surface into thick 



dark brown or sometimes nearly black closely appressed plate-like 



that of the young stem and 



the branches is smooth and dark brown. The branchlets are stout and marked with pale lenticels and 

 coated at first with pale or fulvous scurfy tomentum which gradually disappears during the summer, 

 and in their first winter they are dull red or reddish brown, growing dark brown in then- second year 

 or brown slightly tinged with red. The winter-buds are ovate, strongly angled, gradually narrowed 

 and obtuse at the apex, from one quarter to nearly one half of an inch in length, and clothed with 

 hoary tomentum. The leaves are convolute in the bud, ovate or obovate, rounded, wedge-shaped or 

 truncate at the base, mostly seven-lobed and sometimes divided nearly to the middle by wide rounded 

 sinuses into narrow obovate more or less repandly dentate lobes with stout rigid bristle-pointed teeth, 



