CUPULIFER^. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



143 



QUERCUS CATESB^I 



Turkey Oak. 



Leaves oblong, obovate, or triangular, glabrous, or rusty pubescent on tbe lower 

 surface, deeply lobed with acute spreading often falcate lobes. 



Quercus Catesbaei, Michanx, Hist. Chenes Am. No. 17, t. 29, 

 30 (1801) ; Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 199. — Abbot & Smith, In- 

 sects of Georgia, i. 27, 1. 14. — Willdenow, Spec. iv. pt. i. 



446. 



Persoon, Syn. ii. 569. — Bosc, Mem. Inst. Nat. Sci. 

 Phys. Math. viii. pt. i. 348. — Desf ontaines, Hist. Arb. 

 ii. 511. — Poiret, Lam. Diet. Suppl. ii. 221. — Michaux f, 

 Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 101, t. 20. — Pursh, FL Am. Sejyt. ii 



630. 

 172. 



Nuttall, Gen. ii. 214. — Nouveau Duhamel, vii. 

 Elliott, Sk. ii. 603. — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 863. 



Loudon, Arb. Brit. iii. 1889, f. 1762, 1763. 



Spach, 



Hist. Veg. xi. 162. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 310. — Curtis, 

 Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 41. — Chapman, Fl. 

 422. — A. de Candolle, Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 59. — Orsted, 

 Vidensk. Medd. fra nat. For. Kjobenh. 1866, 72. — Wes- 

 mael. Bull. Fed. Sac. Hort. Belg. 1869, 344. — Koch, 

 Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 67. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. Vdth 

 Census U. S. ix. 151. — Houba, Chenes Am. en Belgique, 

 296, t. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 149, t. 1, 2. — Dippel, 

 Handb. Laubholzk. ii. 114, t. 54. 



* 



A tree, usually twenty or thirty, or occasionally fifty or sixty, feet in height, with a trunk rarely 

 exceeding two feet in diameter but generally much smaller, and stout spreading more or less contorted 

 branches which form a narrow open irregular generally round-topped head ; or sometimes shrubby in 

 habit. The bark of the trunk is from half an inch to an inch in thickness, red internally, dark gray 



& 



ed with red on the surface, or at the base of old trunks sometimes nearly black, deeply and 



larly furrowed, and broken into small thick appressed scales. The branchlets, which are stout and 

 marked with minute lenticels, are coated at first with ferrugineous tomentum of stellate and articulate 

 hairs which soon begins to disappear, and when the leaves are half grown they are nearly glabrous and 

 deep red ; they are dark red in their first winter, and then gradually grow brown. The winter-buds 

 are elongated, acute, half an inch long, and covered by light chestnut-brown scales with thin erose 

 margins and coated, especially toward the point of the bud, with rusty pubescence. The leaves are 

 convolute in vernation, oblong or obovate or nearly triangular in outline, gradually narrowed and 

 wedge-shaped at the base, and deeply divided by wide rounded sinuses into three or five or rarely into 

 seven lobes tipped with short stout bristles; the terminal lobe is ovate, much elongated, and acute and 

 entire or repand-dentate toward the apex, or it is obovate and coarsely equally or irregularly three- 

 toothed at the apex ; the lateral lobes are spreading, usually falcate, entire and acute, and taper 

 regularly from their broad bases, or they are broad and oblique and repand-lobulate at the apex ; or 

 the leaves are three-toothed at the broad apex and gradually narrowed to the base, or individual leaves 

 are often slightly undulate-lobed or pinnatifid with oblique acute lobes ; when they unfold the leaves 

 are coated with rufous articulate hairs which slowly disappear, and when they are fully grown they 

 are thick and rigid, bright yellow-green and lustrous on the upper surface, and paler, lustrous, and 

 glabrous, with the exception of large tufts of rusty hairs in the axils of the veins, on the lower 

 surface, which, however, is often covered with scurfy ferrugineous pubescence ; generally about five 

 inches long and broad, they vary from three to twelve inches in length and from one to ten inches in 

 width, with broad yellow or red-brown midribs and primary veins raised and rounded on the upper side, 

 prominent secondary veins arcuate and united near the slightly thickened margins, and coarse reticulate 

 veinlets ; they are borne on stout flattened grooved petioles from a quarter of an inch to nearly an 

 inch in length, and turn brown or dull yellow before falling m the autumn. The stipules are coated 

 with rusty tomentum, about an inch long, oblong-obovate, and are gradually narrowed into stalk-like 



