CUrULIFERiE. 



SILVA OF NOnTH AMERICA. 



161 



QUERCUS MARILANDICA 



Black Jack. Jack Oak. 



Leaves broadly obovate, dilated and often 3 

 pubescent on the lower surface. 



ely 5-lobed at the apex, rusty 



Quercns Marilandica, Muenchliausen, Haitsv. v. 253 



(1770). 

 f. 2. 



Dli Roi, Obs. 36 ; Harbk. Baumz. ii. 274, t. 6, 

 Moench, Bdume Weiss, 94. — Muehlenberg & 



Willdenow, Neite Schrift. GeselL Nat. Fr. Berlin^ iii. 



399. 



Quercus nigra, /?, Linnseus, Spec. 996 (1753). — Wangen- 

 heim, Nordam. Holz. 77, t. 5, f. 13. 



Quercus nigra, Wangenheim, Beschreib. Nordam. Holz. 



133 (1781). —Evelyn, Silva, ed. Hunter, i. 70. — Schoepf, 



Castigli- 



Mat. Med. Amer. 137. — Walter, Fl. Car. 234. 

 oni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, ii. 346. — Abbot & Smith, 

 Insects of Georgia, ii. 115, t. 58, — Michaux, Slst. Chenes 

 Am. No. 12, t. 22, 23 ; FL Bor.-Am. ii. 198. — Bork- 



Syn. 



V. 



310. 



Darlington, FL Gestr. ed. 3, 267. 



Brendel, Trans. IlL Agric. Soc, iii. 625, t. 7. — Curtis, 

 Bejy. Geolog. Surv. N, Car. 1860, iii. 38. — Chapman, 

 FL 421. — A. de CandoUe, Frodr. xvi. pt. ii. 63. — Orsted, 

 Vldensk. Medd. fra nat. For. Kjbbenh. 1866, 72 ; Lieb- 

 mann Chenes Am. Trop. t. A. — Wesmael, BxdL Fed. 

 SoG. Hort. Belg. 1869, 350. — Vasey, Am. Ent. and Bot. 

 ii. 313, f. 198. — Koch, Bendr. ii. pt- ii. 61. — Ridgway, 

 Froc. TJ. S. Nat. Miis. v. 82. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 



296. 



IX. 



150. 



g^ent. Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U 

 Houba, Chenes Am. en Belglqiie, 251, t 



Watson & Coulter, Ch^ay's Man. ed. 6, 478. 

 ercus nigra, B latifolia, Lamarck, Diet, i 



hausen, Handb. Forstbot. i. 712. — Willdenow, /Spec. iv. Quercus nigra integrifolia, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 121 



pt. i. 442. — Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iv. 408. — Persoon, 



(1785). 



Syn. ii. 569. — Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii. 509. — Du Quercus ferruginea, Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 92, t. 



Mont de Courset, Bot. Cidt. ed. 2, vi. 424. — Pursh, FL 



Am. Sept. ii. 629. — Nouveaic Duhamel, vii. 168. 



EUi- 



18 (1812) . — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 296. — Dippel, 

 Handb. Laubholzk. ii. 110, f. 51. 



ott, Sk. ii. 600. — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 862. — Spach, Hist. Quercus nigra, ^ quinqueloba, A. de Candolle, Prodr 



VSg. xi. 162. — Torrey, FL N. Y. ii. 188 ; Bot. Mex. 

 Bound. Surv. 206. — Audubon, Birds, t. 116. — Dietrich, 



xvi. pt. ii. 64 (1864). 



A tree^ twenty or thirty, or occasionally forty or fifty feet in height, with a trunk rarely more than 

 eighteen inches in diameter, and short stout spreading often contorted branches which form a narrow 

 compact round-topped or sometimes open irregular head. The bark of the trunk is from an inch to an 

 inch and a half in thickness, and is deeply divided into nearly square plates from one to three inches 

 in length and covered with small closely appressed dark brown or almost black scales. 



scales. The branchlets 



are stout and marked with minute pale lenticels, and are coated at first with a thick pale tomentum of 

 articulate and stellate hairs ; during the summer they are light red and scurfy pubescent, and durmg 

 their first winter light or dark reddish brown, and glabrous or puberulous, gradually growing dark 

 brown or ashy gray. The winter-buds are ovate or oval, prominently angled, acute, light reddish brown, 

 covered with rusty brown hairs, and about a quarter of an inch long. The leaves are convolute in the 

 bud, broadly obovate, and rounded or cordate at the narrowed base, and are usually three or rarely five- 

 lobed at the broad and often abruptly dilated apex, with short or elongated, broad or narrow, rounded or 

 acute, entire or dentate, bristle-tipped lobes ; or they are entire or dentate at the apex ; some individual 

 leaves are oblong-obovate, undulate-lobed at the broad apex and entire below; others are almost equally 

 three-lobed with elongated spreading lateral lobes broad and lobulate at the apex, and others are sinuate- 

 lobed or deeply divided by shallow sinuses into broad oblique rounded lobes ; when they unfold they 

 are coated with a pale clammy tomentum of articulate hah's and are bright pink on the upper surface ; 

 when half grown they are thin, covered with pale pubescence, dark green above and rusty brown on the 

 lower surface, which is furnished in the axils of the veins with large tufts of whitish hairs ; and at 

 maturity they are thick and firm or subcoriaceous, dark yellow-green and very lustrous above, and yellow, 



