CUPULIFERJE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



165 



QUERCUS NIGRA. 



Water Oak. 



Leaves glabrous, usually oblong-obovate, entire or obscurely 3-lobed at the broad 

 rounded apex. 



Quercus nigra, Linnseus, Spec. 995 (1753). — Miller, Diet. 

 ed. 8, No. 10. — Muenchhausen, Hausv. v. 252. — Mueh- 

 lenberg & Willdenow, Neiie Schrift. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Ber- 

 lin, iii. 399. — Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 61 (in part). 



Quercus nigra, a aquatica, Lamarck, Diet i. 721 (1783) 

 Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, ii. 346. 



Quercus nigra trifida, Marshall, Arhust. Am. 121 (1785). 



Quercus uliginosa, Wangenheim, Nordam. Holz. 80, t. 6, 

 f. 18 (1787). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 131. — Dippel, 

 Handh. Lauhholzh. ii. 109, f. 50. 



Quercus aquatica, Walter, Fl. Car. 234 (1788). 



Vidensk. Medd. fra nat. For. Kjohenh. 1866, 72 ; Lieh- 

 mann Chenes Am. Trop. t. D. — Vasey, Am. Ent. and 

 Bot ii. 312, f. 197. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am, 10th 



Watson & Coulter, Gray^s Man. 



Census U. S. ix. 152. 



ed. 6, 478. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 150, 1. 1, 2. — Coulter, 



Nat. Herh. ii. 417 (Man. PI. W. 



hemisphserica, Willdenow 



iv. pt 



1. 



443 



(1805). — Poiret, Lam. Diet. Suppl. ii. 220. — Pursh, i^'Z. 

 Am. Sept. ii. 628. — NuttaU, Ge7i. ii. 214. 

 ? Quercus nana, Willdenow, Spec. iv. pt. i. 443 (1805). 

 Poiret, Lam. Diet. Suppl. ii. 220. 

 & Smith, Insects of Georgia^ ii. 117, t. 59. — Michaux, Quercus aquatica, a cuneata, Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 



Abbot 



Hist 

 198. 



henes Am. No. 11, t. 19, 20, 21 ; Fl Bor.-Am. ii. 290 (1813). 



Persoon, Syn. ii. 569. — Bosc, Mem. Inst. Nat. Quercus aquatica, y elongata, Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 



Sei. Phys. Math. viii. pt. i. 346. — Desf ontaines, Hist 



290 (1813). 



Arh. 

 424. 



u. 



509. 



Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, vi. Quercus aquatica, 8 indivisa, Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 



Poiret, Lam. Diet. Suppl. ii. 220. — Michaux f . 



290 (1813). 



Hist. Arh. Am. ii. 89, t. 17. — -Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. Quercus aquatica, € attenuata, Aiton, Hort. Keiv. ed. 2, 



628. 

 599. 



Nouveau DuJiamel^ vii. 168. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 

 Sprengel, Syst. iii. 862. — Audubon, Birds^ t. 24. 



Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 161. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 310. 



Cur- 



V. 290 (1813). 



? Quercus hemisphserica, var. nana, NuttaU, Gen. ii. 214 

 (1818). 



tis. Hep. Geolog. Sicrv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 37. — Chapman, Quercus aquatica, var. hybrida, Chapman, Fl. 421 



Fl. 421. — A. de Candolle, Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 67. — Orsted, 



(1860). 



A tree^ occasionally eighty feet in height^ with a trunk from two to three and a haK feet in diame- 

 ter and numerous rather slender branches which^ spreading gradually from the stem^ form a symmetrical 

 conical round-topped head, or often, on young trees, spreading nearly at right angles, form a flat and 

 broader head. The bark of the trunk is from one half to three quarters of an inch in thickness, with a 

 smooth light brown surface slightly tinged with red and covered with smooth closely appressed scales. 

 The branchlets are slender, glabrous, marked with minute lenticels, Hght or dull red during their first 



winter and grayish brown in their second 



The winter-buds 



ly angled 



and covered by loosely imbricated dark red-brown puberulous scales slightly ciliate on the thin scarious 

 margins. The leaves are convolute in the bud, usually oblong-obovate, gradually narrowed and wedge- 

 shaped at the base, enlarged, sometimes abruptly, at the broad generally rounded or sometimes pointed 



entire or slightly or deeply three-lobed bristle-tipped apex 



to the 



ds, or on upper branches 



often linea 



they often taper from near the middle 

 ^eolate or linear-obovate and acute or 



rounded at the apex ^ on the same shoot they are frequently divided above the middle by deep wide 

 sinuses rounded at the bottom into elongated lanceolate acute entire lobes, or are pinnatifid above the 

 middle ; and on vigorous shoots they are often oblong-obovate, sinuately lobed with numerous acute 

 dentate lobes, and four or 



five times as larg 



on fertile branches, or are linear-lanceolate 



or furnished with a few small rounded lateral lobes; when they unfold they 



thin, light green 



less tinged with red, covered with fine caducous pubescence, and furnished on the lower surfac 



