CUPULIFEE^. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



175 



QUERGUS IMBBRIOARIA. 



Shingle Oak. Laurel Oak. 



surface. 



Leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong-obovate, usually entire, pubescent on the lower 



Quercus imbricaria, Michaiix, Hist. Chenes Am. No. 9 

 15, 16 (1801); Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 197. — WiUdenow, Spec. 

 pt. i. 428 ; Berl. Baumz. ed. 2, 338 ; Enuvi. Suppl. 64. 

 Persoon, Syn. ii. 567. — Poiret, Lam. Diet. Suppl. ii. 



Pursh, 



Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 627. — NuttaU, Gen. ii. 214. — Nouveau 

 Buhamel, vii. 154. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 155. — Elliott, 

 Sic. ii. 598. 



306. 



214. 



Michaux f . Hist 



Sprengel, Syst. iii. 857. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 

 Brendel, Trans. HI. Agric. Soc. iii. 623, t. 6. 



Chap- 



N. 



man, Fl. 420. — A. de Candolle, Frodr. xvi. pt. ii. 63. 



Vidensk. Medd. fra not. For. Kjobenh 

 nn CMnes Am. Trop. t. D, t. xxii. f. 



Wes 



Hort 



Vasey, Am. Ent. and Bot. ii. 312, f. 196. — Koch, Dendr. 

 ii. pt. ii. 60. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 296. — Sargent, 



N. 



Wen 



zig, Jahrh. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iii. 182. — Watson 



G^^av's Man 



Handb 



150, 1. 1,2. 



Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 131. 



Mayr, Wald. Nordam 



B imbricaria, Spach, Hist 



(1842). 



Quercus imbricaria, /3 spinulosa, A. de Candolle, Frodr. 

 xvi. pt. ii. 63 (1864). 



A tree, usually fifty or sixty feet in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding three feet in diameter, or 

 occasionally on low rich ground a hundred feet in height, with a stem clear of branches for fifty or sixty 

 feet and from three to four feet in diameter. In its youth the Shingle Oak, unless greatly crowded by 

 other trees, forms with tough slender horizontal or somewhat pendulous branches a broad pyramid taper- 

 ing gradually from near the ground, and in old age a narrow round-topped open picturesque head. The 

 bark on young stems and on their branches is thin, Hght brown, smooth and lustrous, and on old trunks 

 it is from three quarters of an inch to an inch and a half in thickness, and sUghtly divided by irregular 

 shallow fissures into broad ridges covered with thick closely appressed Hght brown scales somewhat 

 tinged with red. The branchlets are slender, marked with pale lenticels, puberulous and dark green 

 and lustrous at first and often suffused with red, but they soon become glabrous, and during their 



first winter are rather Hsrht reddish bi 



& 



hght brown, growing dark b 



their second year 



The winter-buds are ovate, acute, about an eighth of 



inch 



& 



obscurely angled and covered 



with closely imbricated Hght chestnut-brown lustrous scales erose and often ciliate on the scarious 



The leaves are involute in the bud, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-obovate, graduaUy narrowed 



margins 



and wedge-shaped or rounded at the base, apiculate and acute or rounded at the apex, and entire, with 

 slightly thickened and revolute often undulate margins, or they are sometimes broader and more or less 



three-lobed, or on vigorous sterile branches 



onaUy irregularly repand-lobulate ; when they first 



unfold they stand at nearly right angles with the stem and are bright red, soon becoming light yellow- 

 green and covered with scurfy rusty pubescence on the upper surface, and on the lower with thick hoary 

 tomentum ; and at maturity they are thin but firm in texture, glabrous, dark green and very lustrous 

 above, pale green or light brown below and coated with soft fine pubescence, from four to six inches 

 long and from three quarters of an inch to two inches wide, with stout yeUow midribs broad and 

 grooved on the upper side, numerous slender yellow veins arcuate and united at some distance from the 

 margins, and fine reticulate veinlets ; they are borne on stout pubescent petioles flattened and grooved 

 above and rarely more than half an inch in length, and late in the autumn before faUing the upper 

 surface resembles dark red leather, while the lower remains pale, and the beauty of the leaf is height- 

 ened by the darker and more brilliantly colored midribs. The stipules are oblong-obovate to lanceolate, 



