180 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



CUPULIPER^. 



yellow sliglitly apiculate anthers. The involucral scales of the pistillate flower are brown and covered 

 with pale hairs^ and about as long as the acute calyx-lobes ; the stigmas are much reflexed and bright 

 red. The fruit ripens in the autumn of the second year and is short-stalked or nearly sessile, and 

 solitary or sometimes in pairs ; the nut is hemispherical^ half an inch in diameter^ light yellow-brown^ 

 and coated with pale pubescence ; the cup^ which embraces only the base of the nut^ is thin^ saucer- 

 shaped or subturbinatC; light reddish brown^ clothed with lustrous silky pubescence on the inner surface, 

 and covered by thin elongated ovate truncate hoary pubescent scales dark red-brown on their margins. 



The Willow Oak inhabits the low wet borders of swamps and streams and rich sandy uplands, and 

 is distributed from Tottenville, Staten Island, New York, to northeastern Florida, through the Gulf 

 states to the valley of the Sabine River in Texas, and through Arkansas to southeastern Missouri, 

 central Tennessee, and southern Kentucky.^ Usually confined in the Atlantic states to the low 

 maritime plain, without, however, approaching close to the seacoast, it is less common in the middle 

 districts, and rarely ranges to the Appalachian foothills. 



Trees believed to be hybrids between Querciis Pliellos and Qitercus velittina^ and between 



The occurrence of Quercus Phellos in Schuyler County, western 

 lois, is mentioned by Worthen (Geology of Illinois y i. 443), but 



These trees are usually thirty or forty feet high, with trunks 

 eighteen or twenty inches in diameter, although the specimen in 



I have seen no specimens of this species from the region north of Marshall's arboretum is nearly twice this size ; the bark is from 



the Ohio River. 

 Gazette, viii. 349.) 



Nat 



2 Quercus Phellos x velutina (Plate ccccxxxvi.). 



three quarters of an inch to an inch in thickness, gray or light 

 brown tinged with red, smooth and covered with small closely 

 appressed scales. The branchlets are slender, marked with pale len- 



Quercus Tieterophylla^ Michaux f. Hist, Arb. Am. ii. 87, t. 16 ticels, and tomentose at first, but soon become glabrous and turn 



(1812). — Pursh, FL Am, Sept, ii. 627. — -Barton, Compend. Fl. bright red-brown during their first winter and ultimately dark 



PML ii. 167. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 214; Sylva, i. 15. — Loudon, Arh. brown. The winter-buds are ovate, acute, slightly angled, rather 



Brit, iii. 1894. — Gale, Proc. Nat. List, 1855, 70, f. 1. — Buckley, more than an eighth of an inch long, and covered with light red- 



■ * 



Proc. Phil, Acad, 1861, 361 ; 1862, 100. — Orsted, Chenes Am, brown scales scarious on the margins, glabrous on some individuals 

 Trop, t. B. — Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 62. — Meehan, Proc. Phil. and pilose or pubescent on others. The leaves are revolute in 

 Acad. 1875, 437, 465 ; Bot, Gazette, vii. 10. — Leidy, Proc, Phil. the bud, lanceolate or oblong-obovate in outline, entire, sinuately 



Acad. 1875, 415. 



Notes 



spinulose-dentate, coarsely serrate, or lobed with spreading or fal- 



Gazette, vi. 303. — L. F. Ward, Bull, U, S. Nat, Mas, No. 22, 114 cate acute entire bristle-pointed lobes, the different forms appearing 

 (^FL Washington). — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census on the same tree and on the same branch, the leaves on upper 

 U. S. ix. 153. — Houba, Chenes Am. en Belgique, 224, t. — Mayr, branches, however, being usually entire ; when they unfold they 



Wald. Nordam, 150. — Dippel,' Handh, Laubholzk, ii. 108. 

 Coulter, Contrib, U. S. Nat, Herb. ii. 417 {Man, PL W. Texas), 



are pubescent on the upper surface and tomentose on the lower, 

 and at maturitv are dark srreen and lustrous above and rustv brown 



Quercus aquatica, P heterophylla, Aiton, Hort, Kew, ed. 2, v. below, and glabrous with the exception of occasional tufts of hairs 



290 (1813). — A. de Candolle, Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 68. 



in the axils of the veins on the lower surface. The flowers open 



Quercus nigra, var., Cooper, Smithsonian Rep. 1858, 255 (1859). when the leaves are about a third grown, the staminate borne in 



Quercus Phellos X tinctoria, Gray, Man. ed. 4, 406 (1863). 

 Quercus Phellos^ var., Gray, I. c, ed. 5, 453 (1867). 



hairy aments from two to three inches in length, and the pistillate 

 on short tomentose peduncles. The calyx of the staminate flower is 



Qy^rcus Phellos X coccinea, Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. hairy on the outer surface and is generally divided into four ovate 



iii. 541 (1877). 

 (X rubra?). 



Watson & Coulter, Graves Man 



acute lobes ; the stamens are four or five in number, with ovate 

 acute slightly apiculate anthers. The involucral scales of the pis- 



A specimen of this peculiar tree, growing in a field belonging to tillate flower are covered with pale hairs and are rather shorter 



John Bartram on the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia, was first de- than the acute calyx-lobes ; the stigmas are reflexed and dark red. 



scribed by the younger Michaux in 1812, although it appears to have The fruit, which is produced sparingly, ripens in the autumn of the 



been known much earlier, as " that particular species of Oak that second year and is sessile or short-stalked ; the nut is oval to sub- 



Dr. Mitchell found in thy meadow," seeds of which Peter Collinson globose, half an inch long, light yellow or reddish brown, and 



asked from "my good friend John " in March, 1750, was probably puberulous ; the cup, which incloses nearly half the nut, is thin, 



hemispherical 



imbri 



this tree. (See Darlington, Memorials of Bartram and Marshall, turbinate or almost 



183.) It was destroyed long ago, but a seedling from it which was the inner surface, a 



planted by Humphry Marshall in his arboretum at Marshallton cated acute scales coated with hoary tomentum. On trees discov- 



more than a century since still survives, and offsprings of Bartram's ered by Mr. Arthur HoUick at Tottenville, Staten Island, New 



tree have also been grown in Europe, About twenty-five years ago York, in 1888 (^Quercus Phellos X rubra. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xv. 



several individuals of apparently the same parentage were found in 303, t. 84, 85), the more oblong fruit and the shallower cups, with 



the woods on both banks of the Delaware east of Camden, New less tomentose scales glabrous and bright red on their margins, 



Jersey, and others were subsequently discovered near Wilmington, indicate perhaps, as he suggested, the influence of Quercus rubra, 



Delaware, on Staten Island, New York, in the District of Columbia, although the leaves do not differ from those on trees one of whose 



in western North Carolina, northern Alabama, and near Houston, parents was evidently Quercus velutina. 



Texas. 



