CUPULIFER^. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



181 



Qiiercus Phellos and Qiiereus MarilandiccL^ have been 



with Q 



2 



ipeatedly found, and the species apparently 



The wood o£ Qiicrcus Phellos is heavy and strong, although not hard, rather coarse-grained, and 

 light brown tinged with red, with thin lighter colored sapwood, and contains thin medullary rays and 



The specific gravity 



bands of several rows of small open ducts marking the layers of annual growth 

 of the absolutely dry wood is 0.7472, a cubic foot weighing ^Q.SQ pounds. It : 

 construction, for clapboards, and for the fellies of wheels. 



ionally used 



An Oak-tree with narrow entire leaves seemed 



1 



ntury, and the W 



emarkable object to Europeans of the seventeenth 



Oak attracted the attention of some of 



America 



botanical explo 



of 



It was included in the catalogue of Virginia plants which John Banister sent to 



England in 1680,^ and was first described by Ray in the third volume of the Hi^toria Plantaru 

 published in 1704.^ According to Aiton ^ it was in cultivation in England in 1724. 



A distinct and beautiful, fast-growing, hardy tree, the Willow Oak,^ although admirably suited 

 embelhsh the parks and gardens of eastern North America, is rarely cultivated in the northern stal 

 Associated with the Water Oaks, it may sometimes be seen shading the streets of southern towns and 

 European plantations.^ 



1 



Quercus Phellos x Marilandica, 



in August, 1892 ; and one found by Mr. Ravenel near Aiken, South 



Quercus Phellos, $ subimbricaria, A. de Candolle, Prodr. xvi. Carolina, is believed to have had the same origin by Dr. Britton, 



pt. ii. 63 (1864). 



who considers that all trees in New Jersey and on Staten Island 



Quercus Rudkini (^Quercus Phellos x nigra), Britton, Bull, Tor- which have been referred to Quercus imbricaria are hybrids of this 

 rey Bot. Club, ix. 13, t. 10-12, figs. 1-5 (1882). 



parentage 



First distinguished as a hybrid in 1881 between Keyport and ^ Specimens of an Oak without fruit collected at May's Landing, 



South Amboy, New Jersey, where a number of individuals were New Jersey, by Mr. J. C. Gifford and Mr. J. E. Peters in July, 



XX 



seen by W. H. Rudkin and W. Bower, this peculiar tree is now 1890 (^Quercus Phellos x ilicifolia 



thought to be comparatively common on Staten Island and in 



southern New Jersey. The leaves vary in outline from ovate- nished with a large lateral acute or rounded lobe, silvery white and 



lanceolate to oblong-oval and to broadly obovate, and are entire pubescent on the lower surface, four or five inches long and from 



or furnished with one or more irregular lateral lobes, or are three- an inch and a half to two inches wide, have every appearance of 



lobed at the apex with acute lobes, or repand-dentate at the broad belonging to a hybrid between Quercus Phellos and Quercus nana. 



apex, or sinuate-lobed with wide or narrow sinuses, the different 

 forms appearing on the same tree and sometimes on the same 



^ Quercus Lini aut Salicis foliis, Ray, Hist. PL ii. 1927. 



^ Quercus, an potius Ilex Marilandica folio longo angusto Salicis, 



branch ; they are from three to five inches in length, and from one lii- Dendr, 8. — Catesby, NaL Hist, Car. i. 16, t. 16. — Charlevoix, 

 to three inches in width, and thick and rather firm in texture, and Histoire de la Nouvelle France, ed. 12°'°, iv. 333, f. 41, 



are sometimes glabrous on the lower surface, like the leaves of Quer- 

 cus Phellos, but more frequently are covered below with the rusty 

 pubescence of Quercus Marilandica, The nuts vary on different trees 

 from subglobose to ovate-acute, and are inclosed at the base only 

 or for more than half their length in shallow saucer-shaped, cup- 



Quercus foliis lanceolatis integerrimis, Clayton, FL Virgin. 117. 



Quercus folio longo angusto salicis, Romans, Nat, Hist, Florida, 



25. 



^ Hort, Kew. iii. 3o-4. — Loudon, Arb, Brit, iii. 1894, f. 1774, t. 

 ^ In Arkansas the Willow Oak is sometimes called Water Oak 



shaped, or turbinate cups with rather loosely imbricated ovate acute and Pin Oak (Harvey, Am. Jour, Forestry, i. 454). 



scales clothed, except on their dark red-brown margins, with pale 



^ Nicholson, Garden and Forest, i. 136. — J. G. Jack, Garden and 



tomentum, A tree, probably of similar parentage, was found by Forest, v. 602. 

 Mr. J. K. Small at the falls of the Yadkin River in North Carolina, 



