CUPULIFERA, 
scales. 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 3 
CASTANOPSIS CHRYSOPHYLLA. 
Chinquapin. 
Golden-leaved Chestnut. 
LEAvEs lanceolate or oblong, coated on the lower surface with bright golden yellow 
solitary. 
Castanopsis chrysophylla, A. de Candolle, Jour. Bot. i. 
182 (1863); Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 109. — Watson, King’s 
Rep. v. 322.— Brewer & Watson, Bot. Cal. ii. 100. — 
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes Explor. Exped. 463. — Sargent, Forest 
Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 156. — Coville, 
Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 198 (Bot. Death Valley 
EHaped.). —Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. ii. 59. 
Involucres of fruit covered with stout divergent spines, dehiscent ; nut usually 
Rep. iv. pt. v. 1387; Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 205. — Mor- 
ren, Belg. Hort. vii. 248, t. 240.— Newberry, Pacific 
Ki. f. Rep. vi. pt. iii. 27, 89, £. 4. — Fl. des Serres, xii. 3, 
t. 1184. — Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. ii. 280. — Bolander, 
Proc. Cal. Acad. iii. 231. — Engelmann, Rothrock Whee- 
ler’s Rep. vi. 375. — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 122. — 
Greene, Bot. Bay Region, 304. 
Castanea chrysophylla, Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 159 Castanea sempervirens, Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. i. 71 
(1839) ; Lond. Jour. Bot. ii. 496,t.16; Bot. Mag. lxxxii. (1855). 
t. 4953. — Nuttall, Sylva, i. 21.— Torrey, Pacific R. R. 
A tree, from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet in height, with a massive trunk from five 
to ten feet in diameter and frequently free of branches for eighty feet above the ground,’ and stout 
spreading limbs which form a broad compact round-topped or conical head; generally much smaller 
and sometimes, especially at high elevations and at the south, reduced to a low shrub with slender 
diverging stems.” The bark of the trunk is from one to nearly two inches in thickness and is deeply 
divided into rounded ridges from two to three inches broad, broken into thick plate-like scales, dark 
red-brown on the surface and bright red internally. The branchlets are slender and rather rigid, and, 
when they first appear in early summer, are coated with bright golden yellow scurfy scales; during 
their first winter they are dark reddish brown, slightly scurfy, and marked with minute scattered white 
lenticels, and in their second season gradually grow darker. The winter-buds attain almost their full 
size with the completion of the growth of the branch at midsummer, and are usually crowded near 
its extremity ; they are ovate or subglobose and covered by numerous broadly ovate apiculate thin and 
papery light brown scales, slightly puberulous on the back and ciliate on the scarious and often reflexed 
margins, and in falling mark the base of the branch with many persistent ring-like scars ; the terminal 
bud is about a quarter of an inch im length and breadth and rather larger than the axillary buds, 
which are often stipitate. The leaves are convolute in the bud, lanceolate or oblong, gradually 
narrowed at both ends or sometimes abruptly contracted at the apex into short broad points, and 
entire, with slightly thickened revolute margins; when they unfold they are thin and coated below with 
golden yellow persistent scales, and on the pale green upper surface with scattered whitish scales, and 
when fully grown are thick and coriaceous, dark green and lustrous above, from two to six inches long 
and from half an inch to nearly two inches broad, with stout midribs raised and rounded on the upper 
side, obscure often forked arcuate primary veins, and stout reticulate vemlets more conspicuous on the 
upper than on the lower surface; they are borne on stout grooved scurfy petioles from one quarter to 
one third of an inch in length, and, turning yellow at maturity, fall gradually at the end of their second 
or in their third year. The stipules are ovate, rounded or acute at the apex, brown and scarious, 
Castanea chrysophylla, var. minor, Bentham, Pl. Hartweg. 337 
(1857). 
Castanopsis chrysophylla, var. pumila, Vasey, Rep. Dept. Agric. 
U. S. 1875, 175 (Cat. Forest Trees U. S.) (1876). 
1 Kellogg, Forest Trees of California, 94. 
2 Castanopsis chrysophylla, 8 minor, A.de Candolle, Prodr. xvi. 
pt. ii. 110 (1864). 
