CUPULIFERA, 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 13 
CASTANEA DENTATA. 
Chestnut. 
Lraves oblong-lanceolate, long-pointed, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Nuts 
2 or 3 in the involucre, flattened. 
Castanea dentata, Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. i. 741 
(1800).— Sudworth, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xix. 152; 
Rep. Sec. Agric. U. S. 1892, 328. 
Fagus Castanea, Wangenheim, Beschreib. Nordam. Holz. 
90 (not Linnzus) (1781) ; Nordam. Holz. 47. — Schoepf, 
Mat. Med. Amer. 139.— Walter, Fl. Car. 233. — Casti- 
glioni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, ii. 239. 
Fagus Castanea dentata, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 46 
(1785). 
Castanea vesca: Americana, Michaux, FU. Bor.-Am. ii. 
193 (1803). — Persoon, Syn. ii. 572.— Pursh, Fl. Am. 
Sept. ii. 624. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 217. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 
614. — Torrey, Fl. N. Y. ii. 195, t. 111.— Emerson, 
Trees Mass. 164; ed. 2, i. 187, t. 
Castanea vesca, Willdenow, Spec. iv. pt. i. 460 (in part) 
(1805). — Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii. 500 (in part). — 
Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 156, t. 6 (not Gertner). — 
Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 224.— Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 165 (in 
part). — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 856 (in part). — Rafinesque, 
New Fi. iii. 82. — Gray, Man. 417. — Darlington, FV. 
Cestr. ed. 3, 270.— Chapman, Fl. 424. — Curtis, Rep. 
Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 46. 
Castanea Americana, Rafinesque, New FI. iii. 82 (1836). — 
Nuttall, Sylva, i. 24*. — Spach, Hist. Vég. xi. 191. — 
Dietrich, Syn. v. 305.— K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 23. — 
Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 289. — Mayr, Wald. 
Nordam. 177. — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. ii. 57. — 
Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 122. 
Castanea Americana, var. angustifolia, Rafinesque, New 
Fi. iii. 82 (1836). 
Castanea Americana, var. latifolia, Rafinesque, New FI. 
ili. 82 (1836). 
Castanea vulgaris, y Americana, A. de Candolle, Prodr. 
xvi. pt. ii. 114 (1864).—Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 
10th Census U. S. ix. 157. 
Castanea sativa, var. Americana, Sargent, Garden and 
Forest, ii. 484 (1889). — Watson & Coulter, Gray’s Man. 
ed. 6, 479. 
A tree, occasionally one hundred feet high in the forest, with a tall straight columnar trunk three 
or four feet in diameter, or often, when uncrowded by other trees, developing a short trunk which in 
some exceptional individuals attains a diameter of ten or twelve feet, and which usually divides not far 
above the ground into three or four stout horizontal limbs forming a broad low round-topped head of 
The bark of the trunk varies from 
one to two inches in thickness, and is dark brown and divided by shallow irregular often interrupted 
The 
branchlets are slender, and when they first appear are somewhat angled, light yellow-green sometimes 
slightly pendulous branches, frequently one hundred feet across. 
fissures into broad flat ridges separating on the surface into small thin closely appressed scales. 
tinged with red, lustrous, slightly puberulous, and marked with many small oblong white lenticels ; they 
soon become glabrous and gradually turn olive-green tinged with yellow, or brown tinged with green, 
and ultimately dark brown. The winter-buds are ovate, acute, and about a quarter of an inch long, and 
are covered with thin dark chestnut-brown scales scarious on the margins. The leaves are oblong- 
lanceolate, acute and long-pointed at the apex, and coarsely serrate except at the gradually narrowed 
wedge-shaped base ; they unfold late in the spring, and are then puberulous on the upper surface and 
clothed on the lower with fine cobweb-lke tomentum ; at maturity they are thin and glabrous, dark dull 
yellow-green above and pale yellow-green below, from six to eight inches long and about two inches 
wide, with pale yellow midribs and primary veins and stout yellow slightly angled puberulous petioles 
half an inch in length, and often flushed, especially while young, with red. The stipules are ovate- 
lanceolate, acute, yellow-green, puberulous, and about half an inch long. Late im the autumn before 
falling the leaves turn a bright clear yellow. The flowers open late in June or early in July after the 
leaves have grown to their full size, and exhale a sweet heavy odor which is disagreeable to many 
