CUPULIFERZA., 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 17 
CASTANEA PUMILA. 
Chinquapin. 
Leaves oblong, acute, silvery white and puberulous on the lower surface. Nut 
solitary, cylindrical. 
Castanea pumila, Miller, Dict. ed. 8, No. 2 (1768). — 
Lamarck, Dict. i. 709. — Michaux, FU. Bor.-Am. ii. 193. — 
Willdenow, Spee. iv. pt. i. 461; Hnum. 980; Berl. Baume. 
ed. 2, 78. — Nouveau Duhamel, iii. 79. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 
572. — Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii. 500.— Du Mont de 
Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, vi. 418. — Michaux f. Hist. Arb. 
Am. ii. 166, t. 7. — Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 298. — 
Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 625. — Rafinesque, Fl. Ludovic. 
159; New Fi. iii. 83. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 217; Trans. Am. 
Phil. Soc. n. ser. v. 168. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 165. — 
Elliott, Sk. ii. 615.— Spach, Hist. Vég. xi. 192. — Tor- 
rey, Fl. N. Y. ii. 196.— Audubon, Birds, t. 85. — Die- 
trich, Syn. v. 305. — Darlington, Fl. Cestr. ed. 3, 270. — 
Chapman, FV. 424 (in part). — Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. 
N. Car. 1860, iii. 47. — A. de Candolle, Prodr. xvi. pt. 
Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 289. — Sargent, Forest 
Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 156.— Mayr, Wald. 
Nordam. 177. — Watson & Coulter, Gray’s Man. ed. 6, 
479. — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. ii. 58, f. 25. — Coul- 
ter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 418 (Man. Pl. W. 
Texas). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 122. 
Fagus pumila, Linneus, Spec. 998 (1753).— Du Roi, 
Harbk. Baumz. i. 275. — Wangenheim, Beschreib. Nord- 
am. Holz. 136; Nordam. Holz. 57, t. 19, f£. 44. — 
Moench, Baume Weiss. 41.—Schoepf, Mat. Med. Amer. 
140. — Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, ii, 239. — 
Abbot & Smith, Insects of Georgia, ii. 118, t. 57. — 
Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iv. 415. 
Fagus Castanea pumila, Muenchhausen, Hausy. v. 162 
(1770). — Marshall, Arbust. Am. 47. 
ii. 115 (excl. B nana). —K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt.ii.24.— Fagus pumila, var. serotina, Walter, FZ. Car. 233 (1788). 
A round-topped tree, rarely fifty feet in height, with a short straight trunk from two to three 
feet in diameter, and slender spreading branches; or usually a shrub spreading into broad thickets by 
prolific stolons, with numerous intricately branched stout stems often only four or five feet tall. The 
bark of the trunk on large individuals varies from half an inch to nearly an inch in thickness, and is 
light brown tinged with red, shghtly furrowed and broken on the surface into loose plate-like scales. 
The branchlets are slender, marked with numerous minute lenticels, and coated at first with pale 
tomentum, which soon begins to disappear, and during their first winter they are pubescent, or 
tomentose at the apex, and bright red-brown, becoming glabrous, lustrous, and olive-green or orange- 
brown during their second season, and then gradually darker. The buds are ovate or oval, and about 
an eighth of an inch long, and are clothed, when they first appear in summer, with thick hoary 
tomentum ; during the winter they are red, and covered with pale scurfy pubescence, or are occasionally 
tomentose. The leaves are oblong-oval or oblong-obovate, acute at the apex, and coarsely serrate with 
slender rigid spreading or incurved teeth except at the gradually narrowed usually unequal and rounded 
or wedge-shaped base ; when they unfold they are covered on the upper surface with pale caducous 
tomentum, tinged with a red color which increases in depth until they are half grown, and coated on 
the lower surface with thick snowy white tomentum, with the exception of their midribs and primary 
veins, which are clothed with long silvery white hairs; when half grown they are yellow-green and 
slightly puberulous above, and silvery pubescent below, and at maturity they are rather thick and 
firm in texture, bright yellow-green and lustrous on the upper surface, hoary and silvery pubescent 
on the lower, from three to five inches long, and from an inch and a half to two inches wide, and 
are borne on stout pubescent petioles flattened on the upper side, and from one quarter to one half 
of an inch in length. The stipules are light yellow-green, and pubescent on both surfaces, with 
margins infolded below the middle; those of the two lowest leaves are broad, ovate, and acute, and are 
covered at the apex with rufous tomentum; those of the later leaves are ovate-lanceolate, often oblique, 
and acute, and at the extremity of the branch sometimes linear. The leaves turn a dull yellow 
