SALICACE. 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 
97 
Salix, of which from one hundred and sixty to one hundred and seventy species are now distin- 
guished,’ inhabits the banks of streams and low moist ground, the alpine summits of mountains, and the 
arctic and subarctic regions of the northern hemisphere, ranging southward in the New World with a 
few species through the West Indies? and Central America? to the Andes of Chili, the home of one species,' 
thick and cylindrical, sessile, their scales golden or cinereous- 
villous. Capsules sessile, usually glabrous. Leaves elongated, 
lanceolate, usually glaucous below and glabrous. Trees or 
shrubs, inhabitants of temperate regions in western North 
America, Europe, and Asia. 
See. 15. Viminales (Koch, Sal. Europ. Comm. 27. — Kerner, 
Verhandl. Zobl.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, 48 [Niederisterr. Weiden]). 
Aments elongated, cylindrical, densely flowered. Capsules 
conical, usually tomentose. Leaves elongated, lanceolate, 
their margins usually revolute, entire or dentate. Trees or 
tall shrubs, inhabitants of Europe, and of northern and sub- 
tropical Asia. 
Sec. 16. Nivew (Chrysanthe, Koch, 1. c. 52. — Chrysanthos, 
Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant.i.45). Aments subterminal, sessile, 
densely flowered. Capsules conical, rostrate, usually glabrous. 
Leaves subrotund or broadly lanceolate, conspicuously reticu- 
late-verrucose below. Shrubs, often tall, inhabitants of boreal 
and arctic regions in both hemispheres. 
Sec. 17. Nitidule. 
leaved branches of the year. 
Aments terminal, generally on two- 
Capsules usually subsessile. 
Leaves generally rigid and coriaceous. Shrubs, often pros- 
trate, inhabitants of arctic and alpine regions of the northern 
hemisphere. 
C. SynanpR&. Scales of the ament two-colored. Stamens 
two, their filaments connate. 
Sec. 18. Incanee (Cane, Kerner, 1. v. 49). Aments sessile, 
narrowly cylindrical, erect, their scales obtuse, yellow. Cap- 
sules stalked. Leaves lanceolate, coated below with silvery 
tomentum. Shrubs, inhabitants of the Old World. 
Sec. 19. Purpurece (Koch, J. c. 24). Aments narrowly cylin- 
drical, their scales obtuse. Capsules sessile, silky. Leaves 
linear-lanceolate, elongated, glaucescent. Shrubs, inhabitants 
of the Old World. 
1 Andersson, Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. ser. 4, vi. 1 (Mono- 
graphia Salicum); De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 191. 
In Europe, where the genus has been most carefully studied, 
many forms believed to be hybrids have been described (see Wes- 
mael, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. iii. No.1; Flore Forestiere de Belgique, 
135; Wimmer, Salices Europaee, 131; White, Jour. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 
340 [Rev. Brit. Willows]); and in the United States 4 few hybrids 
have also been observed. 
Professor William R. Dudley (Bull. Cornell University, ii. 90 
[Cayuga Flora, 1886]) describes «4 Willow found by him in 1884 
in the neighborhood of Cayuga Lake, New York, as Salix cordata 
x incana, and believes it to be a hybrid between the North Ameri- 
can Salix cordata, Muehlenberg, and the European Salix incana, 
Schrank, a species occasionally cultivated in that region ; and also 
a second hybrid (Salix cordata x petiolaris) from West Danby val- 
ley in the same region. 
In 1885 Mr. Edwin Faxon distinguished in Tuckerman’s Ravine 
on the slope of Mt. Washington, in New Hampshire, a hybrid be- 
tween the shrubby Salix argyrocarpa, Andersson, and Saliz phylici- 
folia, Linnezus (Salix argyrocarpa X phylicifolia, Bebb, Bull. Torrey 
Bot. Club, xvii. 149 [1890]). This plant, which was first collected 
in leaf only by Asa Gray in 1842, seems like a vigorous Salix argy- 
rocarpa with the aments of Salix phylicifolia. 
Dr. N. M. Glatfelter has found in the neighborhood of St. Louis, 
Missouri, a number of trees which display, in different degrees of 
intermixture, the characters of Saliz nigra, Muehlenberg, and Salix 
amygdaloides, Andersson, and are evidently hybrids between these 
species (Salix nigra x amygdaloides, Glatfelter, Trans. Acad. Sei. 
St. Louis, vi. 427. — Bebb, Garden and Forest, viii. 363). 
An arborescent Willow, probably first noticed by Mr. S. T. Olney 
near Providence, Rhode Island, and subsequently found by Profes- 
sor H. G. Jesup at Amherst, Massachusetts, by Mr. J. A. Allen 
near Westville, Connecticut, and by Professor William R. Dudley 
at Newark, Wayne County, New York, displays some of the char- 
acters of Salix alba, Linneus, and Salix lucida, Muehlenberg, and 
is believed to be a hybrid between these species (Salix alba x lucida, 
Bebb, J. c. 423, f. 57 [1895]. Salix alba, subspec. Pameachiana, 
Andersson, Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handi. 1. c. 48 (not Salix Pa- 
meachiana, Barratt [1867]); De Candolle Prodr. l. v. 212). 
Six trees, of which two have been destroyed, found near Newark, 
Wayne County, New York, by Mr. E. L. Hankenson, with the 
leaves of Saliz nigra, Marshall, and the aments of Salix alba, Lin- 
nus, are believed to have been produced by a cross between these 
species (Salix nigra x alba, Bebb, J. c. f. 58 [1895]). 
Hybrids between Salix cordata, Muehlenberg, and Salix sericea, 
Marshall, are not uncommon from Pennsylvania to Michigan (Salix 
cordata x sericea, Bebb, Herb. Sal. Nos. 12-17. — Dudley, l.c. Salix 
myricoides, Muehlenberg, Neue Schrift. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iv. 
235, t. 36, f. 2 [1803]. Salix cordata, var. myricoides, Darlington, 
Fl. Cestr. ed. 3, 278 (not Carey) [1853]). 
Hybrids between Salix cordata, Muehlenberg, and Salix candida, 
Willdenow (Salix cordata x candida, Bebb, Herb. Sal. No. 34), and 
between Salix petiolaris, Smith, and Salix candida, Willdenow (Salix 
petiolaris x candida, Bebb, Herb. Sal. No. 30), were first distin- 
guished in 1872 in a swamp near Flint, Michigan, by Dr. Daniel 
Clarke. 
Dr. C. L. Anderson (Zoé, i. 41 [1890]) describes a Willow with 
androgynous aments found by him at Santa Cruz, California, which 
he considered a hybrid between Salix Babylonica, Linnezus, a com- 
mon cultivated tree in the neighborhood, and the indigenous Saliz 
lasiandra, Bentham. 
2 Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 112. 
8 Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Spec. ii. 22.— 
Kunth, Syn. Pl. Ziquin. i. 364. — Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. Cent. iii. 
179. 
4 Salix Humboldtiana, Willdenow, Spec. iv. pt. ii. 657 (1805). — 
Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, /. c. t. 99, 100.— Kunth, 1. c. — 
Forbes, Salict. Woburn. 15, t. — Trautvetter, Mém. Sav. Etr. Acad. 
Sci. St. Pétersbourg, iii. 614. — Leybold, Martius Fl. Brasil. iv. pt. i. 
227, t. 71. — Andersson, Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. l. c. 16, t. 1, 
f.13,; De Candolle Prodr. l. c. 199. — Hemsley, J. c. 
Salix falcata, Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, J. c. (not Muehl- 
enberg) (1817). — Kunth, /. c. 365. — Trautvetter, /. c. 613. 
Salix oxyphylla, Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, /. c. (1817).— 
Kunth, J. c. — Trautvetter, J. v. 616. 
Salix Magellanica, Poiret, Lam. Dict. Suppl. v. 66 (1817). 
Saliz Martiana, Leybold, l. c. t. 72 (1855). 
Salix Humboldtiana, subspec. Martiana, Andersson, Svensk. Vet- 
ensk. Akad. Handl. l. c. 16 (1867) ; De Candolle Prodr. 1. c. 199. 
