TAXACES. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. oT 
TUMION TAXIFOLIUM. 
Stinking Cedar. Torreya. 
Leaves slightly rounded on the back, pale on the lower surface. Fruit purple. 
Leaves and branches feetid. 
Tumion taxifolium, Greene, Pittonia, ii. 194 (1891). 10th Census U.S. ix. 186. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 
Torreya taxifolia, Arnott, Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 130, t. ed. 2, 49, f. 2.— Eichler, Hngler & Prantl Pflanzen- 
(1838). — Hooker, Icon. iii. t. 232, 233. — Nuttall, fam. ii. pt. i. 111, f. 70, a, b. — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 
Sylva, iii. 91, t. 109. — Spach, Hist. Vég. xi. 298. — End- 186, f. 46.— Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 254. — 
licher, Syn. Conif. 241. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 6. 
Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 226. —Carritre, Traité Conif.514.— Caryotaxus taxifolia, Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 
Gordon, Pinetum, 329.— Chapman, Fl. 436. — Hoopes, 367 (1865). 
Evergreens, 387, f. 62. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. Fotataxus montana (Nelson) Senilis, Pinacew, 167 
xvi. pt. ii. 505. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 100. — (1866). 
Veitch, Man. Conif. 311. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 
A feetid tree, occasionally forty feet in height, with a short trunk from one to two feet in diameter, 
or usually much smaller, producing when cut many vigorous shoots from the stump and roots, and 
whorls of spreading slightly pendulous branches, which form a rather open pyramidal head tapering 
from a broad base. The bark of the trunk is about half an inch in thickness, brown, faintly tinged 
with orange-color, and irregularly divided by broad shallow fissures into wide low ridges slightly 
rounded on the back, and covered with thin closely appressed scales, which, in falling, disclose the 
yellow inner bark. The branchlets are slender, and are bright green for two or three years, and then 
gradually turn to a dark orange-red color. The winter-buds are covered with loosely imbricated scales ; 
those of the outer ranks are keeled and thickened on the back, narrowed at the apex into short callous 
tips, and light green, lustrous and more or less tinged with purple on the outer surface, those of the 
inner ranks being thin and scarious, erose on the margins, and from one half to three quarters of an 
inch long when fully grown. The leaves are slightly falcate, an inch and a half long, about an eighth 
of an inch wide, tipped with elongate slender rigid callous points, somewhat rounded, dark green and 
lustrous above, rather paler and marked below with broad shallow grooves. The flowers appear during 
March and April, the staminate being a quarter of an inch in length, with pale yellow anthers and thick 
rigid ovate acute scales rounded on the back, while the broadly ovate female flower, which is abruptly 
narrowed and short-pointed at the apex, with a dark purple fleshy covering to the ovule, is an eighth 
of an inch long, and inclosed at the base by broad thin rounded scales. The fruit, which is produced 
rather sparingly, attains its full size at midsummer, but does not fall from the branches until late in 
the autumn ; it is slightly obovate, dark purple, from an inch to an inch and a quarter long, and three 
quarters of an inch broad, with a thin leathery covering, a ight red-brown seed furnished on the inner 
surface of the brittle woody testa with two opposite longitudinal thin ridges extending from the base 
toward the apex,’ and conspicuously ruminate albumen penetrated by the red-brown inner seed-coat. 
Tumion taxifolium is distributed for a distance of forty miles on the eastern bank of the 
Appalachicola River, Florida, from River Junction® to the neighborhood of Bristol, Gadsden County, 
1 The projecting summits of these ridges on the inner surface of surface of the nut.” I have not seen them on the other species 
the testa of Twmion taxifolium were found by Torrey, who first which I have examined. 
noticed them (Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 129), to be perforated and to com- > River Junction, which was formerly called Chattahoochee, is at 
municate “obliquely downwards with a foramen on the external the junction of the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers, where their 
united streams form the Appalachicola. 
