Land 
4 SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 
CONIFER. 
CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ARBORESCENT SPECIES. 
Oxyceprus. Flowers axillary, monecious; stamens decussately opposite ; ovules 3, alternate with 
the scales of the flower, their tips persistent on the fruit; seeds usually 3; leaves ternate, 
acicular, free and jointed at the base, eglandular. 
Fruit subglobose, bright blue covered with a glaucous bloom ; leaves spreading, dark 
yellow-green, channeled and white-glaucous on the upper surface . 
Sapina. Flowers terminal on short axillary branches; stamens binate or ternate; ovules in the 
axils of small fleshy scales, often enlarged and conspicuous on the fruit; seeds 1 to 12; leaves 
ternate or opposite, mostly scale-like, crowded, closely appressed and adnate on the branches, 
glandular or eglandular on the back, on vigorous shoots and young plants acicular. 
Fruit large, reddish brown, with dry fibrous sweet flesh. 
Seeds single or few, cotyledons 4 to 6; leaves fringe-margined or denticulate. 
Fruit usually oblong; seeds 1 or 2; leaves ternate, rounded at the apex, conspicuously 
glandular on the back; branchlets stout 
Fruit mostly globose; seeds usually solitary; leaves ternate or binate, acute or 
acuminate, eglandular ; branchlets slender . 
Seeds 4 to 12; cotyledons 2; leaves slightly denticulate. 
Fruit oblong or globose; seeds 4 to 12; leaves binate, glandular, often slightly 
spreading at the acute or acuminate apex; branchlets slender 
Fruit globose; seeds usually 4; leaves binate, acute, glandular; branchlets slender ; 
bark thick, broken into small oblong plates 
Fruit small, blue or blue-black or rarely copper-colored, with juicy resinous flesh; seeds 1 to 4; 
cotyledons 2. 
Leaves ciliate or denticulate. 
Fruit large, subglobose or oblong, the flesh filled with large resin glands ; seeds 2 or 
3; leaves ternate, acute or acuminate, conspicuously glandular ; branchlets stout 
Fruit small, globose or oblong ; seeds 1 or rarely 2; leaves acute or acuminate at the 
apex, usually eglandular; branchlets slender . : 
Fruit small, globose; seeds 1 to 4; leaves binate, obtuse or rarely acute, closely 
appressed, carinate, glandular; branchlets slender, sharply quadrangular . 
Leaves entire. 
Fruit small, subglobose; seeds 1 to 4; leaves binate, acute, acuminate or rarely 
obtuse, glandular; branchlets slender 
1. J. communis. 
2. J. CALIFORNICA. 
3. J. UTAHENSIS. 
4. J. FUACCIDA. 
5. J. PACHYPHLEA. 
6. J. OCCIDENTALIS. 
7. J. MONOSPERMA. 
8. J. SABINOIDES. 
9. J. VIRGINIANA. 
