80 SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. CONIFER &. 
as two thousand six hundred feet above the sea-level and ascending to the summit of Walker’s Pass. 
It occurs on the desert slopes of the Tehachapi Mountains, and is abundant on the northern foothills 
of the San Bernardino Mountains, where it is scattered through the upper part of the forest of Yucca 
arborescens at elevations of three or four thousand feet.’ It is common on the southern foothills of 
these mountains and on the seaward slopes of the San Jacinto and Cuyamaca ranges. 
The wood of Juniperus Californica is light, soft, close-grained, and durable in contact with the 
soil ; it contains numerous obscure medullary rays and dark inconspicuous bands of small summer-cells, 
and is light brown slightly tinged with red, with thin nearly white sapwood. The specific gravity of 
the absolutely dry wood is 0.6282, a cubic foot weighing 39.15 pounds. In southern California it is 
used for fencing and fuel. 
The fruit is gathered in large quantities by Indians, who eat it fresh, or grind it into flour which 
they bake into nutritious fattening cakes.’ 
Long confounded with Juniperus occidentalis by European botanists, probably Juniperus Cali- 
fornica is not now cultivated in gardens.° 
1 Merriam, North American Fauna, No. 7, 340 (Death Valley have been discovered by a Monsieur Boursier de la Riviére. Lind- 
Exped. ii.). — Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 224 (Bot. Death ley, in his description of Juniperus pyriformis (Gard. Chron. 1854, 
Valley Exped.).—S. B. Parish, Zoé, iv. 352. 420), which from the characters and the locality must be referred 
2 Palmer, Am. Nat. xii. 594. to Juniperus Californica, speaks of its introduction by William Lobb 
8 By Carriére, who first described this tree in 1854, it is said to into the Veitchs’ nursery at Exeter, England, probably in 1852. 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. 
Puate DXVII. Juntreerus CALIFORNICA. 
. A flowering branch of the staminate tree, natural size. 
A staminate flower, enlarged. 
A stamen, front view, enlarged. 
A flowering branch of the pistillate tree, natural size. 
. A pistillate flower, enlarged. 
. A scale of the pistillate flower with its ovules, front view, enlarged. 
. A fruiting branch, natural size. 
- Cross section of a fruit, enlarged. 
OCOHAADHA Pwd 
. A seed, enlarged. 
ay 
—) 
- Vertical section of a seed, enlarged. 
= 
faeh 
. An embryo, enlarged. 
_ 
bo 
- End of a branchlet, enlarged. 
. End of a leaf, enlarged. 
- Cross section of a branchlet, enlarged. 
fb fe 
m 09 
