82 SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. CONIFER.E. 
thousand feet above the sea which extends from Nevada into southwestern Utah ;* abundant also on 
many of the other mountain ranges of southern Utah, it spreads southward over northeastern Arizona 
to the plateau immediately south of the Grand Canon of the Colorado,’ where it grows with Juniperus 
monosperina, Pinus ponderosa, and the Nut Pine. 
The wood of Juniperus Utahensis is light, soft, close-grained, compact, and very durable in 
contact with the soil. 
It is light brown, and slightly fragrant, with thick nearly white sapwood. 
The specific gravity of the absolutely dry wood is 0.5522, a cubic foot weighing 34.41 pounds. 
The cheapest and most accessible fuel and the best fencing material of the desert region which it 
inhabits, this tree is rapidly disappearing to supply the wants of farmers and miners. 
The fruit is gathered by Indians, who eat it fresh or bake it into cakes.* 
Usually considered a variety of Juniperus Californica, Juniperus Utahensis appears to be 
specifically distinct in its more slender branches and usually glandless opposite leaves, in its smaller and 
generally one-seeded fruit, and in its range, the two forms being separated by the Mohave Desert and 
never mingling. 
1 Merriam, North American Fauna, No. 7, 120 (Death Valley 
Exped. ii.). — Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 224 (Bot. Death 
Valley Exped.). 
2 Merriam, North American Fauna, No. 3, 120. 
8 Juniperus Utahensis grows very slowly. A specimen of the 
wood which I collected on the Monitor Range of mountains in 
central Nevada, and which is four and a half inches in diameter, 
shows one hundred and five layers of annual growth, or an annual 
average growth of a little less than one fiftieth of an inch (see Am. 
Jour. Sci. ser. 3, xvii. 418 [The Forests of Central Nevada]) ; while 
the log specimen in the Jesup Collection of North American Woods 
in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, collected 
by Mr. T. S. Brandegee at Fish Creek, near Eureka, Nevada, is 
eleven and three quarters inches in diameter inside the bark, and 
two hundred and fifteen years old. 
4 Palmer, Am. Nat. xii. 594. 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. 
Puate DXVIII. Junteperus UTAHENsIs. 
CHONARAP WN 
A seed, enlarged. 
he ee 
re > 
. An embryo, enlarged. 
pet 
ww 
. Tip of a leaf, enlarged. 
as 
i 
. A seedling, natural size. 
. A flowering branch of the staminate tree, natural size. 
A staminate flower, enlarged. 
A stamen, front view, enlarged. 
A flowering branch of the pistillate tree, natural size. 
A pistillate flower, enlarged. 
. A scale of the pistillate flower with its ovules, front view, enlarged. 
. A fruiting branch, natural size. 
. Cross section of a fruit, enlarged. 
Vertical section of a seed, enlarged. 
- End of a branch, enlarged. 
