CONIFERS. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 83 
JUNIPERUS FLACCIDA. 
Juniper. 
Fruit oblong or globose; seeds 4 to 12. Leaves binate, glandular, often slightly 
spreading at the acute or acuminate apex. Branchlets slender. 
Juniperus flaccida, Schlechtendal, Linnea, xii. 495 Mus. viii. 504. — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 115. — Coul- 
(1838). — Bentham, Pl. Hartweg. 57.— Endlicher, Syn. ter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 556 (Man. Pl. W. 
Conif. 29. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. Texas). 
202. — Knight, Syn. Conif. 12. — Carritre, Traité Conif. Juniperus foetida, 6 flaccida, Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 
48.— Gordon, Pinetum, 103. — Henkel & Hochstetter, 2, xvi. 300 (Révision des Juniperus) (1841). 
Syn. Nadelh. 341. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. Sabina flaccida, Antoine, Cupressineen-Gattungen, 37, t. 
pt. ii, 492.—K. Koeh, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 143. — Engel- 49, 50, £. M-T (1857). 
mann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii. 589.— Hemsley, Bot. Juniperus gracilis, K. Koch, Berl. Allg. Gartenzeit. 1858, 
Biol. Am. Cent. iii. 184. —Havard, Proc. U. S. Nat. 341 (not Endlicher). 
A tree, occasionally thirty feet in height, with graceful spreading branches and long slender 
drooping branchlets covered, after the leaves have fallen, with thin bright cinnamon-brown bark 
separating into thin loose papery scales, or more often shrubby. The leaves are opposite, long-pointed, 
and sometimes slightly spreading at the apex, rounded and conspicuously glandular on the back, 
slightly denticulate, light yellow-green, and rather more than an eighth of an inch long, and turn 
cinnamon-red as they die on the branch before falling; on vigorous young shoots they are ovate- 
lanceolate, and sometimes half an inch in length, and terminate in elongated rigid callous tips. The 
staminate flowers are slender, quadrangular, and composed of from sixteen to twenty stamens, with 
ovate long-pointed connectives or anther-scales prominently keeled on the back. The fruit is globose 
or oblong, irregularly tuberculate, dull red-brown, more or less covered with a glaucous bloom, marked 
by the numerous reflexed tips of the flower-scales, and from one half to three quarters of an inch long, 
with a close firm epidermis and dry mealy flesh in which are imbedded in several tiers from four to 
twelve often abortive distorted seeds, with an embryo with two cotyledons, and about an eighth of an 
inch in length. 
In the United States Juniperus flaccida is known to grow only on the slopes of the Chisos 
Mountains in southwestern Texas, where it was found in September, 1883, by Dr. Valéry Havard.’ It 
is common in northeastern Mexico, growing at elevations of from six to eight thousand feet on the hills 
to the east of the Mexican table-lands, ranging from the state of Coahuila to that of Oaxaca, and 
extending eastward to about the distance of one hundred miles from the coast. 
The wood of Juniperus flaccida has not been examined. 
According to Carriére,” Juniperus flaccida was introduced into Europe in 1838; it is occasionally 
cultivated in the gardens of southern France, where it ripens its fruit, and in Algeria.’ 
1 See i. 81. * Traité Conif. 48. 3 Carriére, J. c. ed. 2, 48. 
