CONIFERZ. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 85 
JUNIPERUS PACHYPHLAHA. 
Juniper. Checkered-barked Juniper. 
Fruit globose; seeds usually 4. Leaves opposite, closely appressed, rounded and 
apiculate at the apex, glandular. Branchlets slender. Bark thick, broken into small 
oblong plates. 
Juniperus pachyphlea, Torrey, Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 130.— Lemmon, Rep. Califor- 
pt. v. 142 (1858) ; Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 210 ; Ives’ Rep. nia State Board Forestry, iii. 182 (Cone-Bearers of Cali- 
28. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn Nadelh. 347. — Car- fornia) ; West-American Cone-Bearers, 81. 
ritre, Traité Conif. ed. 2, 56.— Parlatore, De Candolle Sabina pachyphlea, Antoine, Cupressineen-Gattungen, 39 
Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 490. — Gordon, Pinetum, ed. 2, 164. — (1857). 
Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii. 589; Rothrock Sabina plochyderma, Antoine, Cupressineen-Gattungen, 
Wheeler’s Rep. vi. 264. — Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 40, t. 52 (1857). 
ix. 79. — Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. Cent. iii. 184.—Sar- Juniperus plochyderma, Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. 
gent, Morest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 181. — xvi. pt. ii. 492 (1868). 
A tree, in the United States often fifty or sixty feet in height, with a short trunk from three to 
five feet in diameter, and long stout spreading branches which form a broad-based, pyramidal, open, or 
ultimately a compact round-topped head. The bark of the trunk is from three quarters of an inch to 
almost four inches in thickness, and is dark brown tinged with red, deeply fissured and divided into 
nearly square plates an inch or two in length, which separate on the surface into small thin closely 
appressed scales. The branchlets are slender, and after the disappearance of the leaves are covered 
with thin light red-brown bark, usually smooth and close, but occasionally broken into large thin scales. 
The leaves are in pairs, appressed, ovate, rounded and apiculate at the apex, slightly denticulate, 
thickened, obscurely keeled and conspicuously glandular on the back, bluish green, and rather less than 
an eighth of an inch long; those on vigorous shoots and young branches are linear-lanceolate, rigid, 
tipped with slender elongated cartilaginous points, and, like the young branchlets, pale blue-green. 
The flowers open in February and March. The staminate flowers are stout, about an eighth of an inch 
in length, with ten or twelve stamens, their connectives or anther-scales being broadly ovate, obscurely 
keeled on the back, and short-pointed. The scales of the pistillate flower are ovate, acuminate, and 
spreading. The fruit, which ripens in the autumn of the second season, is globose or oblong, often 
irregularly tuberculate, about half an inch long, usually marked with the short tips of the flower-scales, 
occasionally open and exposing the seeds at the apex, dark red-brown, and more or less covered with a 
glaucous bloom, especially during the first season, when it is often bluish in color; it is inclosed in 
a thin firm epidermis, closely investing the thick dry mealy flesh, which is filled during the first season 
with small resin glands, and usually contains four seeds; these are acute, conspicuously ridged and 
gibbous on the back, light brown at the apex, marked below by large pale bilobed hilums, and thick- 
walled, with a pale inner coat, and an embryo with two cotyledons. 
Juniperus pachyphiea inhabits dry arid mountain-slopes, where it grows with Pines and Ever- 
green Oaks, usually at elevations of from four to six thousand feet above the level of the sea, and is 
distributed from the Eagle and Limpia Mountains in southwestern Texas westward along the desert 
ranges of New Mexico and Arizona south of the Colorado plateau, but extending northward to the 
lower slopes of many of the high mountains of northern Arizona.’ In Mexico it ranges southward 
along the Sierra Madre to the state of Jalisco and over the mountains of northern Sonora, often growing 
1 Merriam, North American Fauna, No. 3, 120. — Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 225 (Bot. Death Valley Exped.). 
