90 SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. CONIFER 2. 
grows at high elevations on the mountain ranges of southern Nevada,’ and as a bush on the upper 
slopes of those of southern New Mexico and Arizona, where it is small and not abundant,’ and of 
northern Mexico. 
The wood of Juniperus monosperma is heavy, rather soft, close-grained, slightly fragrant, and 
very durable in contact with the soul; it contams numerous obscure medullary rays and thin inconspicu- 
ous bands of small summer-cells, and is light reddish brown, with nearly white sapwood and very 
eccentric layers of annual growth. The specific gravity of the absolutely dry wood is 0.7118, a cubic 
foot weighing 44.36 pounds. It is largely used for fencing, and furnishes the cheapest and most 
available fuel over much of the great arid territory which this Juniper inhabits. 
The fruit is gathered, ground, and baked into bread by the Indians, who utilize the thin strips of 
fibrous bark in making saddles, breech-cloths, skirts, and sleeping-mats.* 
Juniperus monosperma was introduced into the Arnold Aboretum in 1882, and has proved hardy 
in eastern New England. 
Formerly united with Juniperus occidentalis of the Pacific coast region, Juniperus monosperma 
differs from that species in its habit, in its thinner branchlets, and in its smaller and usually one-seeded 
fruit, and also in its range, and is best considered specifically distinct. 
* Merriam, North American Fauna, No.7, 343 (Death Valley W.Toumey on the high slopes of the Santa Rita and Chiricahua 
Exped. ii.). — Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 225 (Bot. Death Mountains of Arizona. 
Valley Exped.). 3 Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric. 1870, 411. — Palmer, Am. Nat. xii. 
2 In 1894 Juniperus monosperma was collected by Professor J. 594. 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. 
PuatE DXXII. Juniperus MoNosPERMA. 
A flowering branch of the staminate tree, natural size. 
eae 
A staminate flower, enlarged. 
A stamen, enlarged. 
A fruiting branch, natural size. 
A fruit with protruding seeds, enlarged. 
A fruit laid open transversely, enlarged. 
TP Ew 
. A seed, enlarged. 
End of a branchlet, enlarged. 
c© 90 
- End of a leaf, enlarged. 
