CONIFER. 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 91 
JUNIPERUS SABINOIDES. 
Cedar. 
FRvuIT small, globose; seeds 1 to 4. 
Branchlets slender, sharply quadrangular. 
Juniperus sabinoides (not Endlicher nor Grisebach). 
Cupressus sabinoides, Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 
Nov. Gen. et Spec. ii. 3 (1817).— Kunth, Syn. Pi. 
Afquin. i. 351. 
Juniperus Mexicana, Sprengel, Syst. iii. 909 (1826). 
Juniperus tetragona, Schlechtendal, Linnea, xii. 495 
Rock Cedar. 
Leaves opposite, obtuse or rarely acute. 
Sabina tetragona, Antoine, Cupressineen-Gattungen, 40, 
t. 53 (1857). 
Juniperus occidentalis, var. Texana, Vasey, Rep. U. S. 
Dept. Agric. 1875, 185 (Cat. Forest Trees U. S.) (1876). 
Juniperus occidentalis, var. ? y conjungens, Engelmann, 
Trans. St. Lowis Acad. iii. 590 (1877). — Veitch, Man. 
(1838).— Bentham, Pl. Hartweg. 57. —Endlicher, Syn. 
Conif. 29. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. 
v. 202.— Knight, Syn. Conif. 12.— Carriére, Traité 
Conif. 50. — Gordon, Pinetum, 120.— Henkel & Hoch- 
stetter, Syn. Nadelh. 346. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. 
xvi. pt. ii. 491. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii. 
340.— Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. Cent. iii. 184. — Beiss- 
ner, Handb. Nadeth. 115. 
Conif. 289. — Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. 158. — 
Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 
182. — Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 556 (Man. 
Pl. W. Texas). 
Juniperus tetragona, var. oligosperma, Engelmann, 
Trans. St. Louis Acad. iii. 591 (1877). 
A tree, in Texas occasionally forty feet, but generally not more than twenty feet in height, with a 
short or rarely elongated slightly lobed trunk, seldom exceeding a foot in diameter, and small spreading 
branches which form a wide round-topped open and irregular or a narrow pyramidal head; or often 
shrubby, with numerous spreading stems. The bark of the trunk is from one quarter to one half of an 
inch in thickness, brown tinged with red, and divided into long narrow slightly attached scales, which, 
persistent for many years, clothe it with a loose thatch-like covering; on the young stems and on the 
branches it is gray tinged with red, and covered with a network of narrow flat plates, scaly on the 
surface, and broken along the margins into thin pale shreds. The branchlets are slender, sharply 
quadrangular, and after the fall of the leaves become terete, light reddish brown or ashy gray, with 
smooth or slightly scaly bark. The leaves are four-ranked, closely appressed, thickened and carinate 
on the back, obtuse or acute at the apex, slightly denticulate on the margins, usually eglandular, rather 
more than a sixteenth of an inch long, and dark blue-green; those on vigorous young shoots and on 
seedling plants are lanceolate, long-pointed, rigid, and from one quarter to one half of an inch in 
The 
staminate flower is composed of from twelve to eighteen stamens with ovate obtuse or slightly cuspidate 
length. The flowers appear from January in Texas until April on the mountains of Mexico. 
connectives or anther-scales. The scales of the pistillate flower are ovate, acute and spreading, and very 
The fruit is 
subglobose, from a quarter to a third of an inch in diameter, and dark blue, with a thin epidermis 
The seed is broadly 
ovate, acute, slightly or conspicuously ridged, rarely tuberculate, flattened on the inner surface by 
conspicuous when the fruit is half grown, but obliterated when it attains its full size. 
covered by a glaucous bloom, sweet resinous flesh, and one or rarely two seeds. 
mutual pressure when more than one is formed, dark chestnut-brown and lustrous, nearly a quarter of 
an inch long and an eighth of an inch thick, with a small hilum, which does not extend far above the 
base, a thin outer coat, a membranaceous dark brown inner coat, and an embryo with two cotyledons. 
Juniperus sabinoides, in the valley of the Colorado River in central Texas, in the neighborhood 
of Austin, covers great areas of low limestone hills, with nearly pure forests, and ranges southward and 
westward over the low rolling Texas hills; and in Mexico, where it is of small size, and usually shrubby 
