96 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 
CONIFER. 
For two centuries Juniperus Virginiana has been a favorite garden plant, and numerous forms, 
varying in habit and in the color of the foliage, have appeared in cultivation.’ 
The Red Cedar is one 
of the most familiar and picturesque objects in the landscapes of the northeastern United States, and in 
this region it is better adapted than any other tree for the production of those formal effects, sometimes 
desired by artists in gardening, which are secured in more temperate climates by the use of the Cypress- 
trees of the Old World.” 
1 One of the best of the cultivated forms of Juniperus Virginiana 
known in European gardens is, — 
Juniperus Virginiana gracilis. 
Juniperus gracilis, Endlicher, Syn. Conif: 31 (1847). 
Juniperus Gossainthanea, Carriére, Traité Conif. 56 (1855). 
Juniperus Virginiana Barbadensis, Gordon, Pinetum, 114 
(1858). 
Juniperus Virginiana, y Bedfordiana, Parlatore, De Candolle 
Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 489 (1868). — Veitch, Man. Conif. 284. — 
Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 124.— Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 
299 (Pinetum Danicum).— Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 54. 
The Bedford Juniper is distinguished by long slender somewhat 
pendulous branches and bright green foliage. It has long been an 
inhabitant of European gardens, where it is known, not only by its 
published names, but also as Juniperus Bedfordiana and Juniperus 
This tree has at different times been con- 
Be- 
Virginiana Caroliniana. 
sidered a native of Mexico, of the West Indies, and of India. 
ing rather tender in England, it is not improbable that the seed 
from which it was raised there originated in the swamps of Florida. 
Forms with glaucous leaves, which are comparatively common 
on wild trees in the northeastern states, are distinguished in gar- 
dens as Juniperus Virginiana, B glauca (Carriére, 1. c. 45 (1855). — 
Gordon, J. c. 113.— Parlatore, I. c.— Veitch, J. c.— Beissner, 1. c. 
126). This is the Juniperus glauca of Willdenow (Enum. Suppl. 
67), of Link (Enum. Hort. Berol. ed. 2, ii. 435), and of many gardens. 
Other varieties of Juniperus Virginiana are described by Car- 
riére (J. cv. ed. 2,45), Gordon (i. c. ed. 2, 155), and Veitch (1. c. 
284). Most of the twenty-six varieties described by Beissner 
(i. c. 125) as cultivated in European nurseries scarcely vary from 
the type, or are distinguished from it by trivial peculiarities, the 
only really distinct forms of this tree in cultivation being those 
with pendulous branches, with a dwarf compact habit, and with 
glaucous or variegated leaves. 
2 Forest Leaves, ii. 148, t.— Garden and Forest, viii. 61, f. 9. 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. 
PratE DXXIV. Juniperus VIRGINIANA. 
CONAN wOND HE 
. A seed, enlarged. 
eH pe 
no RF © 
. A leaf, enlarged. 
poh 
oo 
. A seedling, natural size. 
_ 
is 
. A flowering branch of the staminate tree, natural size. 
. A staminate flower, enlarged. 
. A stamen, front view, enlarged. 
A branch of the pistillate tree, natural size. 
. A pistillate flower, enlarged. 
A scale of a pistillate flower with its ovules, front view, enlarged. 
. A fruiting branch, natural size. 
. A fruit divided transversely, enlarged. 
- Vertical section of a seed, enlarged. 
. End of a branchlet, enlarged. 
. Cross section of a branchlet, enlarged. 
