CONIFERS. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 97 
CUPRESSUS. 
FLowERS naked, monecious, terminal, the staminate solitary ; stamens numerous, 
opposite ; anther-cells 2 to 6; the pistillate solitary or rarely clustered ; scales opposite, 
bearing numerous or | to 5 ovules. Fruit a subglobose woody strobile. Leaves scale- 
like or subulate, persistent. 
Cupressus, Linnzus, Gen. 294 (1737). — Adanson, Fam. licher, Gen. Suppl. iv. pt. ii. 4. — Eichler, Engler & Prantl 
Pil. ii. 480. — A. L. de Jussieu, Gen. 413. — Endlicher, Phlanzenfam. ii. pt. i. 100. 
Gen. 259. — Meisner, Gen. 352.— Bentham & Hooker, Platycladus, Spach, Hist. Vég. xi. 333 (in part) (1842). 
Gen. iii. 427. — Kichler, Engler & Prantl Pflanzenfam. Thujopsis, Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. ii. 32 (1842 ?). 
ii. pt. 1. 99. — Baillon, Hist. Pl. xii. 34 (in part). — Mas- Retinospora, Siebold & Zucearini, Fl. Jap. ii. 36 (1842 ?). 
ters, Jour. Linn. Soc. xxx. 18; xxxi. 325. Thuya, Bentham & Hooker, Gen. iii. 426 (in part) (not Lin- 
- Chameecyparis, Spach, Hist. Vég. xi. 329 (1842). — End- nus) (1880). — Baillon, Hist. Pl. xii. 34 (in part). 
Resinous often aromatic polymorphic trees, with thin and scaly or rarely thick and deeply furrowed 
bark, usually pale straight-grained durable frequently fragrant wood, spreading or erect branches, slender 
often deciduous branchlets, quadrangular (Eucupressus) or flattened and two-ranked in one horizontal 
plane (Chamecyparis), naked buds, and fibrous roots. Leaves ovate, small, scale-like, decurrent and 
adnate on the stem, thickened, rounded or carinate and glandular or eglandular on the back, denticulate 
or entire, acute, acuminate or rounded and appressed or slightly spreading at the apex, decussately 
opposite, closely imbricated, or on leading shoots often remote by the lengthening of the nodes, usually 
dying and becoming brown and woody before falling; on vigorous sterile branchlets or young plants 
acicular or linear-lanceolate and spreading. Flowers minute, moncecious on separate branches, opening 
in early spring from buds formed the previous autumn. Staminate flower terminal on a leafy branch, 
oblong or cylindrical, composed of a subsessile axis bearing numerous decussately opposite stamens ; 
filaments short, enlarged into ovate or orbicular subpeltate yellow, brown, or scarlet connectives bearing 
on their inner face from two to six globose two-valved pendulous anther-cells opening below longitu- 
dinally ; pollen-grains simple. Pistillate flower terminal on a short axillary branch, solitary or rarely 
fascicled, subglobose, composed of ovate acute membranaceous peltate opposite scales verticillately 
disposed in from three to six ranks or decussate, those of the lower and sometimes of the upper ranks 
sterile, slightly thickened at the base on the inner surface by the ovuliferous scales bearing one to four 
or numerous free erect orthotropous bottle-shaped ovules. Fruit a short-stalked erect globose or sub- 
globose strobile maturing the second or the first year, more or less rugose and glandular, often covered 
with a glaucous bloom, formed by the enlargement of the ovuliferous scales, abruptly dilated, clavate 
and flattened at the apex, or obpyramidal, bearing the remnants of the flower-scales developed into 
short central more or less thickened mucros or bosses, closed before maturity, ultimately opening at the 
apex of the scales, persistent on the branch after the discharge of the seeds. Seeds numerous, in 
several rows (Eucupressus), or from one to five (Chamzcyparis), erect on the slender stalk-like base of 
the scale, thick, acutely angled (Kucupressus), or subcylindrical and slightly compressed ; seed-coat of 
two layers, produced into narrow or broad lateral wings, the outer thin and membranaceous, the inner 
thicker and crustaceous. Embryo axile, erect in copious fleshy equal albumen; radicle superior, 
shorter than the two or rarely three or four cotyledons turned away from the conspicuous or minute 
hilum.? 
1 The species of Cupressus may be grouped in the following numerous, in several rows with narrow wings, thick seed-coats, 
sechons ees and conspicuous hilums ; branchlets quadrangular ; leaves denticu- 
Evcurressus. Fruit large, maturing the second year; seeds late. Inhabitants of California, Arizona, Mexico, Lower Califor- 
