CONIFERS. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 107 
CUPRESSUS GOVENIANA. 
Cypress. 
Fruit large or small. Branchlets slender. Leaves dark green, eglandular or 
obscurely glandular. 
Cupressus Goveniana, Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. iv. 346, f. 21, 22.— Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 284 
295, f. (1849) ; Pinetum, 60.— Lindley & Gordon, Jour. (Pinetum Danicum). — Lemmon, West-American Cone- 
Hort. Soc. Lond. vy. 206. — Carritre, Traité Conif. 125. — Bearers, 76. 
Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 211. — Bentham, Pi. Cupressus Californica, Carritre, Traité Conif. 127 (1855). 
Hartweg. 337.— Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. Cupressus Californica gracilis, (Nelson) Senilis, Pina- 
240. — Hoopes, Hvergreens, 352. — Parlatore, De Candolle cee, 70 (in part) (1866). 
Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 472. — Engelmann, Brewer & Watson Cupressus cornuta, Carritre, Rev. Hort. 1866, 250, f. 
Bot. Cal. ii. 114. — Veitch, Man. Conif. 230. — Sargent, Cupressus macrocarpa, ? var. Farallonensis, Masters, 
Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 179. — Mas- Jour. Linn. Soc. xxxi. 344 (1896). 
ters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 205; Jour. Linn. Soc. xxxi. 
A tree, occasionally fifty feet tall, with a short trunk two feet in diameter, and slender erect or 
spreading branches which form a handsome open head; usually much smaller, often shrubby in habit, 
and frequently producing fruit when only twelve or eighteen inches in height. The bark of the trunk 
varies from one quarter to one half of an inch in thickness, and is dark brown tinged with red, and 
divided irregularly into narrow flat connected ridges which separate into thin persistent oblong scales 
displaying, when they fall, the bright red-brown inner bark. The branchlets are slender and covered 
with close thin smooth bark orange-colored at first, but soon turning bright reddish brown, and often at 
the end of two or three years becoming purplish in color, and finally a dark brown more or less tinged 
with gray. The leaves, which on vigorous young shoots are remote by the lengthening of the nodes, 
are ovate, acute, rounded and obscurely glandular-pitted or eglandular on the back, closely appressed, 
dark green, and from one sixteenth to one eighth of an inch in length; in dying they turn bright red- 
brown, and fall at the end of three or four years; those on young plants are acicular, spreading, and 
from one eighth to one quarter of an inch in length. The flowers are yellow, and appear im early 
spring. The staminate flowers are four-angled, with thin broadly ovate slightly erose peltate connectives ; 
and the pistillate are usually composed of six or eight acute slightly spreading scales, and are about an 
eighth of an inch long. The fruit is subglobose or oblong, from half an inch to nearly an inch in 
length, reddish brown or purple, lustrous, and slightly puberulous, especially along the margins of the 
scales; these are six or eight in number, with broadly ovate, generally rounded and flattened, or rarely 
short and conical bosses. The seeds are light brown and lustrous, about one sixth of an inch in length, 
and flattened or four-angled, about twenty being produced under each fertile scale. 
Exceedingly variable in size and habit and in the thickness of its branchlets and the size of its 
cones, Cupressus Goveniana, although nowhere very abundant, is widely distributed through the 
California coast region, from the plains of Mendocino County to the mountains of San Diego County, 
frequently ascending the cafions of the mountain ranges of central California to elevations of nearly 
three thousand feet above the level of the sea, and attaining its largest size near mountain streams, 
where it is often associated with the Douglas Fir and the Yellow Pine; more abundant at lower 
elevations, it often covers in Monterey and Mendocino Counties extensive tracts of sandy barrens or 
rocky slopes extending inland a few miles from the coast, growing as a low bush frequently only a few 
inches in height. 
The wood of Cupressus Goveniana is light, soft, not strong, brittle, and close-grained ; it is light 
