CONIFER. 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 135 
LIBOCEDRUS DECURRENS. 
White Cedar. 
Incense Cedar. 
FRuirT pendulous, composed of six scales ; seeds two under each fertile scale. 
Libocedrus decurrens, Torrey, Smithsonian Contrib. vi. 
7, t.3 (Pl. Frémont.) (1854) ; Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. pt. v. 
140; Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii. 211. — Lindley, Gard. 
Chron. 1853, 695. — Bentham, Pl. Hartweg. 338. — New- 
berry, Pacific R. Kh. Rep. vi. pt. iii. 63. — Walpers, Ann. v. 
795. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 456. — 
R. Brown Campst. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, ix. 373. — 
A. Murray, The Garden, ii. 540, f£.— Hoopes, Ever- 
greens, 309, f. 40. — Engelmann, Brewer & Watson Bot. 
Cal. ii. 116.— Gordon, Pinetwm, ed. 2, 181.—Veitch, Man. 
Conif. 267. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census 
U. S. ix. 176. — Lemmon, Rep. California State Board 
Forestry, iii. 173, t. 22, 23 (Cone-Bearers of California) ; 
West-American Cone-Bearers, 73.— Beissner, Handb. 
Nadelh. 28, f. 1, 2. — Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 
219. — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 268 (Pinetum 
Danicum). — Merriam, North American Fauna, No. 7, 
340. — Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 224 (Bot. 
Death Valley Exped.). 
Thuya Craigana, A. Murray, Rep. Oregon Haped. 2, t. 5 
(October, 1854). 
Thuya gigantea, Carritre, Rev. Hort. 1854, 224, f. 12, 14 
(in part) (not Nuttall); Flore des Serres, ix. 199, £. 3-5 
(in part); Traité Conif. 105 (in part). — Gordon, Pine- 
tum, 321 (in part); Suppl. 102 (in part). — Henkel & 
Hochstetter, Syn. Nadeth. 280 (in part). 
Heyderia decurrens, K. Koch, Dendr. pt. ii. 179 (1873). — 
Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 70, f. 9. 
A tree, frequently one hundred and fifty feet in height, with a tall straight slightly and irregularly 
lobed trunk tapering gradually from a broad base and sometimes seven or eight feet in diameter ; 
during its first century the slender branches are erect at the top of the tree and below sweep downward 
in bold curves, forming a narrow open feathery crown, but in old age it becomes irregular in outline by 
the greater development of a few branches which, at first horizontal, soon turn upward and form 
secondary stems. The bark of the trunk is from one half of an inch to nearly an inch in thickness, 
bright cinnamon-red, and broken into irregular ridges covered with closely appressed plate-like scales. 
The leading branchlets are rather stout, and when they first appear are somewhat flattened and light 
yellow-green, turning light red-brown during the summer and ultimately brown more or less tinged 
with purple, and bearing for many years the nodal leaves or their narrow ring-like scars; the lateral 
branchlets are much flattened, and form an open pale yellow spray from four to six inches in length 
and usually deciduous at the end of the second or third season. The leaves are decussately opposite, 
with two pairs at each joint, and are oblong-obovate, decurrent and closely adnate on the branchlet 
except at the free callous apex, and from one eighth of an inch in length on the ultimate lateral 
branchlets to nearly one half of an inch on leading shoots, those of the lateral ranks being gradually 
narrowed and acuminate at the apex, and keeled and glandular on the back, and nearly covering those 
of the inner ranks, which are flattened, obscurely glandular-pitted, and abruptly pointed; on young 
seedlings the leaves are linear-lanceolate, acuminate, conspicuously ribbed, from one quarter to one half 
of an inch long, spreading and light yellow-green ; and on the earliest flattened branchlets they are 
elongated and spreading. The flowers appear in January on the ends of short lateral branchlets of 
the previous year, the staminate, which are produced in great numbers, tingeing the tree with gold during 
the winter and early spring. The stamimate flower is ovate, nearly a quarter of an inch long, and 
composed of from twelve to sixteen stamens with nearly orbicular or broadly ovate connectives rounded, 
acute, or acuminate at the apex and slightly erose on the margins. The pistillate flower is subtended 
by from two to six pairs of leaf-like scales slightly enlarged and persistent under the fruit, and is 
about an eighth of an inch in length, with six ovate acute light yellow-green slightly spreading: scales, 
those of the second rank bearing two pale yellow ovules. The fruit ripens and discharges its seeds in 
