CONIFER, 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 
141 
SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS. 
Redwood. 
ScaLes of the pistillate flower usually about 20. 
into the terminal discs. 
acuminate. Buds scaly. 
Sequoia sempervirens, Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 198 
(1847). — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 
222. — Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1859, 9, f. 2. — Carriere, 
Praité Conif. 164. — J. M. Bigelow, Pacific R. R. Rep. 
iv. pt. v. 23.— Torrey, Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. pt. v. 
140; Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 210; Ives’ Rep. 28. — 
Newberry, Pacific R. R. Rep. vi. pt. iii. 57, 90, £.23. — 
Gordon, Pinetum, 303. — A. Murray, Edinburgh New 
Phil. Jour. n. ser. xi. 221; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 
vi. 346. — Seemann, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, iii. 
165.— Hoopes, Evergreens, 244. — Parlatore, De Can- 
dolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 436. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 
193. — Engelmann, Brewer & Watson Bot. Cal. ii. 116. — 
Veitch, Man. Conif. 212. — Lawson, Pinetum Brit. iii. t. 
52, f. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. 
ix. 184. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 79. — Lem- 
mon, ep. California State Board Forestry, iii. 163, t. 18 
(Cone-Bearers of California); West-American Cone- 
Bearers, 68. — Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 247; 
Cone-scales abruptly enlarged 
Leaves dimorphic, mostly distichously spreading, acute or 
Gard. Chron. ser. 3, xix. 556, f. 86. — Hansen, Jour. R. 
Hort. Soc. xiv. 309 (Pinetum Danicum). — Koehne, 
Deutsche Dendr. 44, f. 14, A-G. 
Taxodium sempervirens, Lambert, Pinus, ii. 24, t. 7 
(1824).— Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2487, £. 2340, 2341. — 
Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 164; Icon. iv. t. 379. — Hooker 
& Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 392. — Henkel & Hochstet- 
ter, Syn. Nadelh. 262. 
Abies religiosa, Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 160 
(not Lindley) (1841). 
Schubertia sempervirens, Spach, Hist. Vég. xi. 353 
(1842). 
Sequoia gigantea, Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 198 (1847). — 
Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 222. — 
Bentham, Pl. Hartweg. 338. 
Sequoia religiosa, Presl, Epimel. Bot. 237 (1849). — 
Walpers, Ann. iii. 448. 
Gigantabies taxifolia, (Nelson) Senilis, Pinacee, 78 
(1866). 
A tree, from two to three hundred feet in height, with a slightly tapering and irregularly lobed 
trunk, usually free of branches for seventy-five or one hundred feet, and frum ten to fifteen or rarely 
from twenty to twenty-eight feet in diameter at the much buttressed base, and three hundred and 
fifty * feet tall, throwing up from the stump when cut and from fallen stems many vigorous long-lived 
shoots. On young trees the slender branches are erect above, and below sweep downward in graceful 
curves, forming an open slender pyramid of distichous flat spray, but long before the tree attains its full 
size the lower branches disappear, and those toward the summit become stout and horizontal, and the 
narrow rather compact and very irregular head is remarkably small in proportion to the height and size 
of the trunk. The bark of the trunk, which is from six to twelve inches in thickness, is divided into 
rounded ridges corresponding to the ridges of the trunk and frequently two or three feet wide, and 
separates on the surface into long narrow dark brown fibrous scales, often broken transversely, and 
disclosing in falling the bright cinnamon-red inner bark. The branchlets are slender and distichously 
spreading, and when they first appear are light yellow-green like the young leaves, but soon become 
dark green, and during their third or fourth season are covered with thin cinnamon-brown bark 
which breaks irregularly into loose papery scales. The buds are about one eighth of an inch in 
length, and are covered with many loosely imbricated ovate acute scales, prominently keeled on the 
back, slightly accrescent and persistent on the base of the branchlet. The leaves, which are persistent 
for two or three years, on the lateral branchlets of lower branches and of young trees are lanceolate, 
more or less falcate, acute or acuminate and usually tipped with slender rigid points, decurrent at the 
base, distichous and spreading at right angles to the branchlet by a half-turn at the base, from one 
tallest specimen I have measured was three hundred and forty 
feet high. 
1 The Redwood, which is the tallest American tree, probably 
oceasionally attains the height of four hundred feet or more. The 
