CONIFERS. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



17 



PINUS STROBUS. 



White Pine. 



Leaves in 5-leaved clusters, slender, glaucous, 3 or 4 inches in length, 

 from 4 to 6 inches long. 



Cones 



Pinus Strobus, Linnaeus, Spec. 1001 (1753). — Miller, Diet. 

 ed. 8, No. 13. — Muenchhausen, Hausv. v. 221. — Du 

 Roi, Harbk. Baumz. ii. 57. — Moench, Baume Weiss. 70 ; 

 Meth. 365. — Schoepf, Mat. Med. Amer. 142. — Evelyn, 

 Silva, ed. Hunter, i. 274, t. — Wangenheim, Nordam. 

 Holz. 1, t. 1, f . 1. — Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, 

 ii. 312. — Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 213 ; Spec. iv. pt. 

 i. 501 ; Enum. 989. — Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 205. — 

 Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. i. 440. — Lambert, Finus, 

 i. 31, t. 22. — Poiret, Lamarck Diet. v. 341 ; HI. iii. 

 369, t. 786, f . 3. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 579. — Desfontaines, 

 Hist. Arb. ii. 612. — Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 

 2, vi. 462. — Michaux, f. Hist. Arb. Am. i. 103, t. 10. — 

 Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iv. 435. — Nouveau Duhamel, 

 v. 249, t. 76. — Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 234. — Pursh, Fl. 

 Am. Sept. ii. 644. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 223 ; Sylva, iii. 

 118. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 175.— EUiott, Sk. ii. 638.— 

 Lejeune, Rev. Fl. Spa, 200. — Jaume St. Hilaire, Traite 

 des Arbres Forestiers, t. 62, 63. — Richard, Comm. Bot. 

 Conif. 60, t. 12, f. 2. — Audubon, Birds, t. 39. — Die- 

 trich, Forst. Fl. i. t. — Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 83. — 

 Antoine, Conif. 43, t. 20, f . 3. — Link, Handb. ii. 477 ; 

 Linncea, xv. 514. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 161 (excl. 

 syn. Finus monticola). — Torrey, Fl. N. Y. ii. 228. — 

 Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 394. — De Chambray, Traite Arb. 

 Res. Conif. 262, t. 4, 5, f. 8. — Emerson, Trees Mass. 60; 



ed. 2, i. 73, t. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 146. — Gihoul, Arb. 

 Res. 35, t. 5. — Knight, Syn. Conif. 34. — Lindley & 

 Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 215. — Lawson & Son, 

 List No. 10, Abietinea}, 26. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 396. — 

 Darlington, Fl. Cestr. ed. 3, 290. — Gordon, Pinetum, 

 239. — Courtin, Fam. Conif. 71. — Chapman, Fl. 434.— 

 Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 25. — 

 Schlechtendal, Linncea, xxxiii. 395. — Henkel & Hochstet- 

 ter, Syn. Nadelh. 92. — (Nelson) Senilis, Pinacece, 130. — 

 Hoopes, Evergreens, 136, f. 19. — Se"neclauze, Conif. 

 115. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 405. — 

 K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 319. — Veitch, Man. Conif 

 183. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. 

 ix. 187. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 116. — 

 Regel, Russ. Dendr. ed. 2, pt. i. 50. — Schtibeler, Virid. 

 Norveg. i. 392. — Watson & Coulter, Gray Man. ed. 6, 

 490. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 199, t. 8, f. — Beissner, 

 Handb. Nadelh. 288, f. 71, 72. — Masters, Jour. R. 

 Hort. Soc. xiv. 240. — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. 

 xiv. 393 {Pinetum Danicum). — Hempel & Wilhelm, 

 Baume und Straucher, i. 182, f. 107-109, t. 9. — 

 Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 30. — Britton & Brown, III. 

 Fl. i. 50, f. 110. 



Pinus tenuifolia, Salisbury, Prodr. 399 (1796). 



Pinus alba Canadensis, Provancher, Flore Canadienne, 

 ii. 554 (1862). 



A tree, usually growing under favorable conditions to a height of one hundred or one hundred 

 and twenty feet, with a trunk from three to four feet in diameter, or, exceptionally, to the height of 

 two hundred and fifty feet, with a trunk six feet in diameter, 1 and with long stout tapering horizontal 

 durable roots 2 clothed with thick gray bark covered by irregular rectangular plate-like scales, and in old 



1 " An. 1736, near the Merrimack River a little above Dunsta- 

 ble, was cut a white pine straight and sound, seven feet eight 

 inches in diameter at the butt-end." (Douglas, A Summary, His- 

 torical and Political, of the First Planting, Progressive Improvements, 

 and Perfect State of the British Settlements in North America, ii. 53.) 



D wight speaks of "white pine 6 feet in diameter and frequently 

 250 feet in height," and reports a tree in Lincoln, New Hamp- 

 shire, of which he had heard, two hundred and sixty feet high 

 (Travels, 136). 



According to Williamson, " the White Pine has been seen 6 feet 

 in diameter at the butt and 240 feet in height, and those over 4 

 feet through are frequent " (History of the State of Maine, i. 110). 

 This was in 1832. Such trees, if they still exist in New England, 

 are exceedingly rare, and White Pines one hundred and fifty feet 



high with trunks four feet in diameter now excite astonishment 

 and admiration. Among a number of trees in Pennsylvania re- 

 cently studied by Pinchot and Graves, with a view of determining 

 the silvicultural possibilities of the White Pine, the largest was one 

 hundred and fifty-five feet tall, with a trunk diameter of forty-two 

 inches at four feet six inches above the ground. This tree was 

 three hundred and fifty-one years old, and produced a merchant- 

 able log one hundred and fourteen feet in length, the total volume 

 of the stem being five hundred and seventy-four cubic feet and 

 scaling three thousand three hundred and thirty-five feet board 

 measure (The White Pine, a Study, 4. — See, also, for dimensions 

 of Pinus Strobus in Minnesota, Ayres, Garden and Forest, vii. 148). 

 2 There has been a common saying in New England that no one 

 ever lived long enough to see the stump of a White Pine rot, and 



