conifers. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 23 



PINUS MONTICOLA. 



White Pine. 



Leaves in 5-leaved clusters, thick, rigid, from 1J to 4 inches in length. Cones 

 from 5 to 11 inches long. 



Pinus monticola, D. Don, Lambert Pinus, iii. t. (1837). — the Pacific Slope) ; West-American Cone-Bearers, 22. — 



Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2291, f. 2208, 2209. — Forbes, Steele, Proc. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1889, 232 (The Pines 



Pinetum Woburn. 81, t. 31. — Antoine, Conif. 40, t. of California).— Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 331, t. 7, f. — 



18, f. 3. — Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 394. — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 293. — Masters, Jour. B. 



Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 148. — Lawson & Son, List No. Sort. Soc. xiv. 235. — Hansen, Jour. R. Eort. Soc. xiv. 



10, Abietinece, 26. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 396. — Carriere, 376 (Pinetum Danicum). — Merriam, North American 



Traite Conif 305. — Gordon, Pinetum, 233. — Cour- Fauna, No. 7, 339 (Death Valley Exped. ii.). — Coville, 



tin, Fam. Conif 71. — Cooper, Pacific B. R. Rep. ^ii. Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 222 (Bot. Death Valley 



pt. ii. 27 ; Am. Nat. iii. 410. — Lyall, Jour. Linn. Soc. Exped.).— Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 31. 



vii. 141. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 94. — Pinus Strobus, /3 monticola, Nuttall, Sylva, iii. 118 



(Nelson) Senilis, PinaceoB, 120. — Hoopes, Evergreens, (1849). 



135. — Bolander, Proc. Cal. Acad. iii. 318. — Sendclauze, Pinus porphyrocarpa, A. Murray, Lawson Pinetum Brit. 



Conif. 114. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. i. 83, f. 1-8 (1866). 



405. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 322. — Hall, Bot. Ga- Pinus Grozelieri, Carriere, Rev. Bort. 1869, 126, f. 31. 



zette, ii. 94. — Engelmann, Brewer & Watson Bot. Cal. Pinus monticola, var. minima, Lemmon, Rep. California 



ii. 123. — Veitch, Man. Conif. 181, f. 41. — Lawson, State Board Forestry, ii. 70, 80 (Pines of the Pacific 



Pinetum Brit. i. 69, f. 1-10. — Kellogg, Forest Trees of Slope) (1888). 



California, 45. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Pinus monticola, var. porphyrocarpa, Masters, Jour. R. 



Census U. S. ix. 187. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, Hort. Soc. xiv. 235 (1892). 



116. — Schtibeler, Vivid. Norveg. i. 393. — Lemmon, Rep. Pinus monticola, var. digitata, Lemmon, West-American 



California State Board Forestry, ii. 70, 79, t. (Pines of Cone-Bearers, 22 (1895). 



A tree, frequently one hundred feet in height, with a tall straight trunk four or five feet in 

 diameter, or occasionally one hundred and fifty feet high, with a trunk seven or eight feet in diameter, 

 and comparatively slender spreading somewhat pendulous branches which in youth clothe the stem to 

 the ground and form a narrow open pyramid, the symmetry of which is often broken in old age by the 

 greater development of one or two of the upper branches. The bark of young stems and branches is 

 thin, smooth, and fight gray, and on fully grown trunks is from three quarters of an inch to an inch 

 and a half in thickness, and divided into small nearly square plates by deep regular longitudinal and 

 cross fissures, covered on the surface by small closely appressed purple scales, which are often worn 

 away by mountain storms, leaving exposed the bright cinnamon-red inner bark. The branches are 

 stout and tough, and when they first appear are clothed with rusty pubescence ; during their first winter 

 they are dark orange-brown and puberulous, becoming dark red-purple and glabrous in their second 

 season, and for five or six years bearing the conspicuous scars of the fallen bud-scales. The winter 

 branch-buds are broadly ovate, acute, from one third to one half of an inch in length, and covered by 

 ovate-lanceolate light chestnut-brown scales scarious on the margins and long-pointed and spreading 

 at the apex. The leaves are borne in clusters of five, and during the winter are inclosed in minute 

 ovate compressed pale green buds coated at the apex with hoary pubescence ; their scales lengthen with 

 the youno- leaves, and when fully grown are thin, lustrous and light chestnut-brown, or white, forming 

 a sheath about half an inch in length, and soon deciduous. The leaves are thick, rigid, blue-green and 

 glaucous, from an inch and a half to four inches in length, with from two to six rows of ventral stomata 

 and sometimes with also one or two dorsal rows, a single fibro-vascular bundle, and strengthening 



