conifers. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 27 



PINUS LAMBERTIANA. 



Sugar Pine. 



Leaves in 5-leaved clusters, stout, rigid, from 3J to 4 inches in length. Cones 

 from 12 to 18 inches long. 



Pinus Lambertiana, Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 500 son Bot. Col. ii. 123. — Veitch, Man. Conif. 179. — Kel- 



(1827). — D. Don, Lambert Pinus, iii. t. 16, 17. — logg, Trees of California, 47. — Sargent, Forest Trees 



Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 77, t. 30. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.- N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 188. — Lauche, Deutsche 



Am. ii. 161. — Antoine, Conif. 41, t. 19. — Hooker & Dendr. eel. 2, 117. — Hooker, f. Gard. Chron. n. ser. xxiii. 



Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 394. — Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 11, f . 1. — Gard. Chron. ser. 3, i. 772, f. 144. — Schiibe- 



397. — De Chambray, Traite Arb. Res. Conif 346. — ler, Vivid. Norveg. i. 390. — Lemmon, Rep. California 



Endlicher, Syn. Conif 150. — Nuttall, Sylva, iii. 122, t. State Board Forestry, ii. 70, 80, t. {Pines of the Pacific 



114. — Linclley & Gordon, Jour. Sort. Soc. Lond. v. Slope) ; West-American Cone-Bearers. 21, t. 2. — Steele, 



215. — Lawson & Son, List No. 10, Abietinece, 25. — Proc. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1889, 232 (The Pines of Cali- 



Dietrich, Syn. v. 396. — Carriere, Traite Conif. 307. — fomhi). — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 324, t. 7, £. — Beiss- 



J. M. Bigelow, Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. pt. v. 21. — Torrey, ner, Handb. Nadelh. 294. — Masters, Jour. R. Hort. 



Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. pt. v. 141 ; Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. Soc. xiv. 231. — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 366 



210 ; Iv es' Rep. pt. iv. 28. — Newberry, Pacific R. R. Rep. {Pinetum Danicum). — Merriam, North American 



vi. pt. iii. 42, 90, f. 14. — Gordon, Pinetum, 228. — Cour- Fauna, No. 7, 340 (Death Valley Exped. ii.). — Coville, 



tin, Fam. Conif. 70. — A. Murray, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin- Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 222 (Bot. Death Valley 



burgh, vi. 369. — Lawson, Pinetum Brit. i. 47, t. 7, f. 1- Exped.). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 31. 

 7. — Bolander, Proc. Cal. Acad. iii. 226, 317. — Henkel Pinus Lambertiana, var. minor, Lemmon, Rep. Calif or- 



& Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 95. — (Nelson) Senilis, Pino- nia State Board Forestry, ii. 70, 83 (Pines of the Pacific 



cece, 115. — Hoopes, Evergreens, 134. — Sendclauze, Conif. Slope) (1888) . 



114. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 406. — K. Pinus Lambertiana, var. purpurea, Lemmon, West- 



Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 323. — Engelmann, Brewer & Wat- American Cone-Bearers, 22 (1895). 



A tree, usually from two hundred to two hundred and twenty feet in height, with a trunk six or 

 eight or occasionally ten or twelve feet in diameter. 1 During the first fifty years of its life the slender 

 branches, arranged in remote regular whorls, frequently clothe the tapering stem to the ground and 

 form an open narrow pyramid ; later some of the specialized branches near the top of the tree grow 

 more rapidly than the others, and, becoming fruitful, bend with the weight of the great cones ; and 

 long before the tree has reached maturity many of the upper branches lengthen faster than the lower 

 ones, which eventually die from absence of light, and the tall massive trunk is surmounted with an 

 open flat-topped crown, frequently sixty or seventy feet across, of comparatively slender branches 

 sweeping outward and downward in graceful curves. On young stems and branches the bark is smooth 

 and dark gray, while on old trunks it is from two to three inches in thickness, and is deeply and 

 irregularly divided into long thick plate-like ridges covered by large loose scales which are rich 

 purplish brown or often, on wind-swept slopes of the California Sierras, bright cinnamon-red. The 

 branchlets are stout, and when they first appear are coated with short pale or rufous pubescence; 

 durino* their first winter they are dark orange-brown and puberulous, becoming in their second year 



1 David Douglas, who discovered Pinus Lambertiana on the head- and thirty-four feet above the ground. (See Companion Bot. Mag. 



waters of the Uinpqua River in southwestern Oregon on October ii. 92, 106, 107, 130, 152.) It is hardly probable that a careful 



26 1826 having previously seen the seeds on the Columbia River and conscientious man like Douglas would have exaggerated these 



in the pouch of an Indian, describes a fallen tree measured by him measurements, although he attributed to some other trees also 



as two hundred and forty-five feet high, with a trunk fifty-seven what now appears an excessive size. Sugar Pines of the size he 



feet nine inches in circumference at three feet above the ground, describes are now unknown, and trunks twelve feet in diameter 



and seventeen feet five inches in circumference at one hundred are uncommon. 



