28 SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. conifers. 



dark brown tinged with purple, and for many years they are marked with the scars of the fallen leaf- 

 bearing lateral braiichlets. The winter branch-buds are oblong-obovate, gradually narrowed to the 

 rounded apiculate apex, one third of an inch long, about one eighth of an inch thick, and covered by 

 ovate acute light chestnut-brown scales scarious and erose on the margins and terminating in long 

 loose points. The leaves are produced in clusters of five, and during the winter are inclosed in ovate 

 compressed pale green buds. The bud-scales are ovate-lanceolate, thin, white, or light chestnut-brown 

 on the outer ranks, and when fully grown form a close deciduous sheath about half an inch in length. 

 The leaves are stout, rigid, sharply serrate, especially toward the apex, which is tipped with a sharp 

 callous point, and from three to four inches long ; they are dark green, and marked on each face with 

 from two to six rows of stomata, and contain a single fibro-vascular bundle, two or sometimes three 

 dorsal resin ducts, and occasionally one or more parenchymatous ventral ducts ; * they fall during their 

 second and third years. The staminate flowers are oval, pale yellow, and half an inch long, with denticu- 

 late crested anthers, and are surrounded by from ten to fifteen involucral bracts. The pistillate flowers 

 are usually clustered, and are cylindrical, an inch in length, with thin light green scales, and are raised 

 on stout peduncles an inch and a half long and covered by lanceolate long-pointed chestnut-brown bracts 

 conspicuously keeled on the back and persistent during the winter. In the autumu the young cones are 

 light red-brown, about two inches long and three quarters of an inch thick, and stand erect on peduncles 

 from two inches to three inches and a half in length and half an inch in thickness bearing- elon- 

 gated bracts now often' three quarters of an inch long ; in early spring the peduncles become reflexed, 

 and the cones, which are now pendulous, grow rapidly, attaining their full size in August, when they 

 are cylindrical, often slightly curved, from eleven to eighteen or occasionally twenty-one inches in 

 length, about three inches in breadth, and light green more or less shaded with purple on the side 

 exposed to the sun, 2 with obovate-oblong scales from two inches to two inches and a quarter long and 

 about an inch and a half broad across the base of the exposed portion, which is slightly thickened, 

 smooth and rounded on the back, gradually narrowed into a rounded point and tipped with a small 

 thin dark umbo, and becomes after the falling of the seeds light red-brown and very lustrous, while the 

 unexposed portions of the scales turn a dull dark purple ; the cones open and shed their seeds during 

 September or October and remain on the branches during the winter, falling the following spring or 

 during the succeeding summer and autumn. The seeds are from one half to five eighths of an inch in 

 length, with a smooth thin and brittle dark chestnut-brown or nearly black coat, and about half as long 

 as the firm dark brown wings, which are obtuse, and broadest below the middle, where they are about 

 half an inch across ; the cotyledons vary from thirteen to fifteen in number. 



Pinus Lambertiana inhabits mountain slopes and the sides of ravines and canons ; in Oregon it 

 is distributed from the valley of the Santiam River in Marion County, 3 southward along the Cascade 

 Mountains and coast ranges at elevations of from two thousand five hundred to three thousand feet, 

 sometimes descending to a thousand feet near the coast ; it extends eastward across the Cascade Range 

 to the head-waters of the Des Chutes River and the western shores of upper Klamath Lake, where it is 

 found at an elevation of two thousand two hundred feet, reappearing on the bluffs east of Klamath 

 Lake 4 and in Drew Valley to the westward of Goose Lake ; 5 in California it inhabits the northern cross 



1 Coulter & Rose, Bot. Gazette, xi. 262. 4 In 1894 Mr. John B. Leiberg found Pinus Lambertiana on the 



' Lemmon {West-American Cone-Bearers, 22) describes the cones head-waters of the Des Chutes River east of Crescent Lake and 



of his variety purpurea as purplish, shorter, and less attenuated southward along the eastern foothills of the Cascade Mountains to 



toward the ends than those of the typical form. When fully ex- upper Klamath Lake and on the bluffs to the eastward of Fort Kla- 



posed to the sun, however, the cones of Pinus Lambertiana are math. 



always more or less tinged with purple. <* During the summer of 1896 Dr. F. V. Coville and Mr. John 



3 During the autumn of 1896 Pinus Lambertiana was found to B. Leiberg, journeying westward from Steen Mountain in eastern 



the northward of the Santiam River in Marion County by Mr. Oregon, saw Pinus Lambertiana growing with Pinus ponderosa in 



S. W. Gorman in sufficient quantities to be valued commercially. Drew Valley, fourteen miles west of Goose Lake. 



