CONLFEEJS. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



35 



PINUS FLEXILIS. 



White Pine. 



Leaves in 5-leaved clusters, thick, rigid, from 1| to 3 inches in length. Cones 

 from 3 to 10 inches long, their scales rounded or pointed at the apex. 



Pinus flexilis, James, Long's Exped. ii. 34 (1823). — Tor 

 rey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 249 ; Pacific B. B. Bep. iv. pt 

 v. 141. — Engelmann, Wislizenus Memoir of a Tour to 

 Northern Mexico {Senate Doc. 1848), Bot. Appx. 102 

 Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiv. 331 ; Linncea, xxxiii. 388 

 Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii. 208 ; Bothrock Wheeler's Bep. 

 vi. 257 ; Brewer & Watson Bot. Col. ii. 124. — Nuttall, 

 Sylva, iii. 107, t. 112. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. 

 Soc. Lond. v. 220. — Carriere, Bev. Hort. 1854, 228 ; Fl. 

 des Serres, ix. 201 ; Traite Conif. 310. — J. M. Bigelow, 

 Pacific B. B. Bep. iv. pt. v. 6, 20. — Gordon, Pinetum, 

 224. — Courtin, Fam. Conif. 72. — Parry, Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad. ii. 121. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 

 126. — (Nelson) Senilis, Pinacece, 112. — Bolander, Proc. 

 Cat. Acad. iii. 318. — Hoopes, Evergreens, 131, f . 18. — 

 Se'ne'clauze, Conif. 112. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. 

 xvi. pt. ii. 403 (in part). — Watson, King's Bep. v. p. xxviii. 

 332. — Rothrock, PL Wheeler, 27, 50 ; Wheeler's Bep. vi. 

 9. — Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado ; Hayden Surv. Misc. 

 Pub. No. 4, 130. — A. Murray, Gard. Chron. n. ser. iii. 

 106 ; iv. 356 (in part), f. 75. — Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. 

 Cent. iii. 187. — Lawson, Pinetum Brit. i. 33, f. 1. — 

 Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 

 188. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 113. — Coulter, 

 Man. Bocky Mt. Bot. 431. — Tweedy, Garden and For- 



est, i. 130 (Forests of the Yellowstone National Park). — 

 Lemmon, Bep. California State Board Forestry, ii. 70, 84 

 {Pines of the Pacific Slope) ; West-American Cone-Bear- 

 ers, 23. — Steele, Proc. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1889, 233 

 {The Pines of California). — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 

 348, t. 7, f . — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 273. — Masters, 

 Jour. B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 229. — Hansen, Jour. B. Hort. 

 Soc. xiv. 360 {Pinetum Danicum). — Coville, Contrib. 

 U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 221 {Bot. Death Valley Exped.).— 

 Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 31. 



Pinus Lambertiana, (3 ?, Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 161 

 (1839). 



Pinus Lambertiana, ?B brevifolia, Endlicher, Syn. Co- 

 nif. 150 (1847). — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. 

 Lond. v. 215. — Carriere, Traite Conif ed. 2, 404. 



Pinus flexilis, var. a serrulata, Engelmann, Bothrock 

 Wheelers Bep. vi. 258 (1878). 



Pinus flexilis, /3 macrocarpa, Engelmann, Bothrock 

 Wheeler's Bep. vi. 258 (1878). — Coville, Contrib. U. S. 

 Nat. Herb. iv. 221 {Bot. Death Valley Exped.). — Lem- 

 mon, West-American Cone-Bearers, 23. 



? Pinus reflexa, Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, ix. 80 

 (1882). 



Pinus flexilis megalocarpa, Sudworth, Bull. No. 14, Div. 

 Forestry U. S. Dept. Agric. 16 (1897). 



A tree, usually forty or fifty feet in height, with a short massive trunk from two to four or rarely 

 five feet in diameter, but occasionally seventy or eighty feet high, and stout long-persisting branches ; 

 or at high elevations on the mountain ranges of central Nevada reduced to a spreading shrub with 

 stems only two or three feet tall. During its early years the short stout flexible branches stand out 

 from the stem at right angles in regular whorls, forming a narrow open pyramid ; but at the end of 

 from fifty to one hundred years some of the lower branches begin to grow more rapidly than the others, 

 pushing out in graceful upward curves, while several of the stoutest of the upper branches ascend, 

 and thus a low round-topped broad-based head is formed. 1 On young stems and branches the bark is 

 thin, smooth, and light gray or silvery white; on older trunks it breaks into small thin dark brown 

 plates tinged with red and covered by small thin scales ; and on large trunks it becomes from one to 

 two inches in thickness and dark brown or nearly black, and divides by deep fissures into broad ridges 

 broken into nearly square plates, which are covered by small closely appressed scales. The branchlets 

 are stout and very tough, and when they first appear are light orange-green and clothed with soft fine 

 pubescence ; usually they soon become glabrous, and during their first winter they are light orange- 

 brown or pale gray, gradually growing a darker orange-color or sometimes brown tinged with purple. 

 The winter branch-buds are broadly ovate, and narrowed into slender points, and are covered by 



1 Garden and Forest, x. 162, f . 19. 



