conifers. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 55 



PINUS EDULIS. 



Nut Pine. Pinon. 



Leaves in 2 or 3-leayed clusters, stout, rigid, sharp-pointed, from f of an inch to 

 lj inches in length. Cones from lj to lj inches long. 



Pinus edulis, Engelmann, Wislizenus Memoir of a Tour Man. Conif. 172. — Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. Cent. iii. 

 to Northern Mexico {Senate Doc. 1848), Bot. Appx. 88 ; 186. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. 

 Bothrock Wheeler's Rep. vi. 260. — Lindley & Gordon, ix. 190. — Coulter, Man. Rocky Mt. Bot. 432 ; Contrib. 

 Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 216. — Carriere, Rev. Hort. TJ. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 554 (Man. PI. W. Texas). — Mayr, 

 1854, 227 ; Fl. des Serres, ix. 201 ; Traite Conif. 408. — Nordam. Holz. 240, t. 7, f. — Merriam, North American 

 Torrey, Sitgreaves' Rep. 173, t. 20 ; Pacific R. R. Rep. Fauna, No. 3, 122. — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 252. — 

 iv. pt. v. 140 ; Ives' Rep. pt. iv. 28. — J. M. Bigelow, Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 228. — Hansen, Jour. 

 Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. pt. v. 3, 19. — Courtin, Fam. Conif R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 358 (Pinetum Danicum). — Koehne, 

 92. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 415. — Hoopes, Deutsche Dendr. 33. — Lemmon, West American Cone- 

 Evergreens, 142. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. Bearers, 26. 



pt. ii. 398. — Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado ; Hayden's Pinus monophylla, var. edulis, M. E. Jones, Zoe, ii. 251 



Siirv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 130. — Kothrock, Wheeler's Rep. (1891). 

 vi. 9. — Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, ix. 106. — Veitch, 



A tree, rarely thirty or forty feet in height, -with a short often divided trunk occasionally two and 

 a half feet in diameter, but usually much smaller, and often not more than twelve or fifteen feet tall. 

 During its early years, when the branches are horizontal, it forms a broad-based compact pyramid, and 

 in old age a dense low round-topped broad head. The bark of the trunk is from one half to three 

 quarters of an inch in thickness and is irregularly divided into connected ridges covered by small 

 closely appressed light brown scales tinged with red or orange-color. The branch-buds are ovate, 

 acute, from one third to one half of an inch in length, with light chestnut-brown scales thin and 

 scarious on the margins. The branchlets are stout, and when they first appear are covered with the 

 conspicuous closely imbricated scales of the branch-buds, which, withering during the first season, do 

 not entirely disappear until the third ; they are light orange-color during their first and second years, 

 and then turn from light gray-brown to dark brown sometimes tinged with red. The sheaths of the 

 leaf-clusters are close, light brown, scarious, more or less laciniate on the margins, and from one quarter 

 to one half of an inch in length ; they begin to curl back during the first winter, and mostly disappear 

 during the third and fourth years. The primary leaves are linear-lanceolate, entire, strongly keeled, 

 glaucous, marked by numerous rows of stomata, and nearly an inch in length ; the secondary leaves are 

 produced in two or rarely in three-leaved clusters, and are stout, semiterete, or triangular in the three- 

 leaved clusters, entire, rigid, incurved, acute with callous tips, dark green, and from three quarters of 

 an inch to an inch and a half long ; they are marked with from five to fifteen rows of stomata and 

 contain a single fibro-vascular bundle and two resin ducts ; l the leaves begin to fall during the third 

 or not until the fourth or fifth year, and drop very irregularly, some of them remaining on the branches 

 for eight or nine years. The staminate flowers are oval and about a quarter of an inch long, with dark 

 red anthers terminating in knobs or short spurs, and are surrounded by involucres of four bracts. 

 The pistillate flowers are subterminal, oblong, and about a quarter of an inch in length, with slightly 

 thickened rounded and apiculate scales, and are raised on short stout peduncles covered by ovate acute 

 lio-ht chestnut-brown bracts. At the end of their first summer the young cones are oblong, erect, dark 

 reddish brown, and about three quarters of an inch in length, and when fully grown the following 



1 Coulter & Rose, Bot. Gazette, xi. 303. 



