conifers. SILVA OF NORTE AMERICA. 63 



PINUS ARISTATA. 

 Foxtail Pine. Hickory Pine. 



Leaves in 5-leaved clusters, rigid, incurved, from 1 to lj inches in length. Cones 

 ovate, from 3 to 3J inches long, their scales furnished with long slender awn-like 

 prickles. 



Pinus aristata, Engelmann, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiv. ley Exped. ii.). — Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 



331 (1862) ; Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii. 205, t. 5, 6 ; 220 (Bot. Death Valley Exped.). 



Linncea, xxxiii. 383. — Kegel, Gartenfiora, xii. 391. — Pinus Balfouriana, Watson, King's Rep. v. 331 (not A. 



Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 417. — (Nelson) Murray) (1871) ; PL Wheeler, 17. 



Senilis, Pinacece, 103. — Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. 2, Pinus Balfouriana, var. aristata, Engelmann, Eothrock 



424. — Seneclauze, Conif. 113. — Parlatore, Be Candolle Wheeler's Rep. vi. 375 (1878) ; Brewer & Watson Bot. 



Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 400. — Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorado; Cat. ii. 125. — Veitch, Man. Conif. 175. — Sargent, 



Hayden's Surv. Misc. Pub. No. 4, 130. — Gordon, Pine- Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 191. — 



turn, ed. 2, 291. — Lawson, Pinetum Brit. i. 5, f. 1. — Coulter, Man. Rocky Mt. Bot. 432. — Beissner, Handb. 



Schubeler, Virid. Norveg. i. 392. — Steele, Proc. Am. Nadelh. 273. — Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 225. — 



Pharm. Assoc. 1889, 234 (The Pines of California). — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 349 (Pinetum Dani- 



Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 353, t. 8, f. — Merriam, North cum). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 32. 

 American Fauna, No. 3, 122 ; No. 7, 339 (Death Val- 



A bushy tree, occasionally forty or fifty feet in height, with a short trunk from two to three feet 

 in diameter, or at high elevations usually reduced to a low shrub with gnarled semiprostrate stems. 

 Strictly pyramidal while young, with regular whorls of short stout horizontal branches, later it becomes 

 irregular in outline and often very picturesque by the greater development of some of the specialized 

 upper branches, which are usually erect or slightly spreading and much longer and stouter than the often 

 pendulous lower branches. On the stems and branches of young trees the bark is thin, smooth, milky 

 white, and filled with resin vesicles which remain between the layers of old bark, and on mature trees 

 it is from one half to three quarters of an inch in thickness, red-brown, and irregularly divided into 

 broad flat connected ridges separating on the surface into small closely appressed scales. The branch- 

 lets are stout, bright orange-colored, and glabrous or at first slightly puberulous, usually becoming dark 

 gray-brown or occasionally nearly black, and for many years roughened by the blackened rigid bases 

 of the ovate acuminate light brown scales of the branch-buds. These are broadly ovate and acute, 

 with more or less reflexed scales, the terminal bud being often one third of an inch long and nearly 

 twice as large as the lateral buds. The leaves are borne in clusters of five and are crowded and pressed 

 against the branch, forming compact round brush-like tufts from twelve to eighteen inches in length at 

 the extremities of the naked branches, their bud-scales lengthening into thin compact sheaths about half 

 an inch long, white and scarious above and firmer and pale chestnut-brown below, the upper portion 

 soon becoming reflexed and gradually disappearing ; they are stout or slender, incurved, from an inch 

 to an inch and a half long, entire, acute with short callous tips, dark green and lustrous on the back, 

 and marked with narrow rows of pale stomata on the two ventral faces ; they contain a single fibro- 

 vascular bundle and one or two resin ducts situated near the middle of the dorsal face and usually 

 surrounded by an interrupted row of strengthening cells which also occur in a single layer under the 

 epidermis, or on the dorsal face and at the angles occasionally in two layers ; 1 they often begin to fall 

 at the end of ten or twelve years, or are persistent for four or five years longer. The staminate flowers 



1 Coulter & Rose, Bot. Gazette, xi. 304. 



