conifers. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 67 



PINUS RESINOSA. 



Red Pine. Norway Pine. 



Leaves in 2-leaved clusters, slender, dark green, from 5 to 6 inches in length. 

 Cones ovate-conical, from 2 to 2J inches long, their scales slightly thickened, unarmed. 



Pinus resinosa, Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 367 (1789). — Lam- Forstbot. 396. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 



bert, Pinus, i. 20, t. 14. — Willdenow, Spec. iv. pt. i. 496 ; 179. — Veitch, Man. Conif. 159. — Sargent, Forest Trees 



Enum. 988; Berl. Baumz. ed. 2,267.— Poiret, Lamarck N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 191. — Lauche, Deutsche 



Diet. v. 339. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 578. — Desfontaines, Dendr. ed. 2, 106. — Regel, Buss. Dendr. ed. 2, pt. i. 



Hist. Arb. ii. 612. — Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. 47. — Willkomm, Forst. Fl. 242. — Watson & Coulter, 



ed. 2, vi. 459. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 642. — Nuttall, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 491. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 211, 



Gen. ii. 223. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 173. — Sprengel, Syst. t. 8, f . — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 246. — Masters, Jour. 



iii. 886. — Lawson & Son, Agric. Man. 347 ; List No. 10, B. Sort. Soc. xiv. 238. — Hansen, Jour. B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 



Abietineo3, 41. — Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 19, t. 6. — 387 (Pinetum Danicum). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 



Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 161 (in part). — Bigelow, Fl. 38. — Britton & Brown, III. Fl. i. 51, f. 111. 



Boston, ed. 3, 384. — Antoine, Conif. 7, t. 4, f . 1. — Link, Pinus eylvestris, (3 Norvegica, Castiglioni, Viag. negli 



Linncea, xv. 501. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 178. — Knight, Stati Uniti, ii. 313 (1790). 



Syn. Conif. 27. — Richardson, Arctic Searching Exped. Pinus rubra, Michaux f . Hist. Arb. Am. i. 45, t. 1 (not 



ii. 315. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. Miller) (1810). — De Chambray, Traite Arb. Bes. Conif. 



v. 519. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 400. — Gordon, Pinetum, 344. — Gihoul, Arb. Bes. 27. — Provancher, Fl. Cana- 



183 (excl. syn. Pinus Loiseleuriana) . — Hoopes, Ever- dienne, ii. 554. — Carriere, Traite Conif 401. — Se'ne'- 



greens, 102. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. clauze, Conif. 141. 



388. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 286. — Nordlinger, Pinus Laricio y, Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 385 (1842). 



A tree, usually seventy or eighty feet high, with a tall straight trunk two or three feet in diameter, 

 but occasionally attaining a height of one hundred and fifty feet, with a trunk five feet through, 

 and stout spreading more or less pendulous branches which in youth clothe the stem to the ground, 

 forming a broad irregular pyramid in old age becoming an open round-topped picturesque head. The 

 bark of the trunk is from three quarters of an inch to an inch and a quarter in thickness and is 

 slightly divided by shallow fissures into broad flat ridges covered with thin loose light reddish brown 

 scales. The branchlets, which are stout and glabrous, are light orange-color when they first appear, 

 darker orange in their first winter, brown tinged with purple during their second and third years, and 

 later scaly and light reddish brown. The winter branch-buds are ovate, acute, from one half to three 

 quarters of an inch long and about a quarter of an inch broad, and are covered with lanceolate loosely 

 imbricated thin pale chestnut-brown scales, white, scarious and fringed on the margins, their firm 

 dark bases being persistent on the branches for several years after the disappearance of the leaves, 

 which fall during their fourth and fifth seasons. The leaves are borne in clusters of two, with close 

 firm persistent sheaths half an inch long and at first pale chestnut-brown, and scarious above, but soon 

 becoming dark purple-brown, and are slender, soft and flexible, serrulate, acute with short callous tips, 

 dark green and lustrous, and five or six inches long ; they are obscurely marked on the ventral faces 

 with bands of minute stomata, and contain two fibro-vascular bundles and numerous peripheral and 

 parenchymatous resin ducts surrounded by small strengthening cells. 1 The staminate flowers are pro- 

 duced in dense spikes about an inch long, and are oblong and from one half to three quarters of an 

 inch in leno-th, with dark purple anthers terminating in denticulate orbicular crests, and are surrounded 

 by involucres of six ovate acute bracts which are deciduous by articulations above their base before 



1 Coulter & Rose, Bot. Gazette, xi. 305. 



