conifers. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 71 



PINUS TORREYANA. 

 Soledad Pine. 



Leaves in 5-leaved clusters, stout, from 9 to 13 inches in length. Cones broadly 

 ovate, from 4 to 6 inches long, their scales much thickened into broad straight or 

 reflexed umbos terminating in minute spines. 



Pinus Torreyana, Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 210, t. Slope) ; West-American Cone-Bearers, 38. — Steele, Proc. 



58,59 (1859). — Carriere, Traite Conif. 326. — Gordon, Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1887, 242 {The Pines of Califor- 



Pinetum, 241. — Courtin, Fam. Conif. 75. — Henkel & nia). — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 275, t. 7, f. — Beissner, 



Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 117. — Bolander, Proc. Cat. Handb. Nadelh. 256. — Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 



Acad. iii. 318. — Hoopes, Evergreens, 150. — Se'ne'clauze, 241. — Hansen, Jour. B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 399 (Pinetum 



Conif. 122. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. Danicum). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 34. 

 181 ; Brewer & Watson Bot. Cat. ii. 125. — Veitch, Pinus lophosperma, Lindley, Gard. Chron. 1860, 46. — 



Man. Conif. 173. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Gordon, Pinetum, Suppl. 69. — Henkel & Hochstetter, 



Census U. S. ix. 192. — Parry, Proc. San Diego Nat. Syn. Nadelh. 112. — (Nelson) Senilis, Pinaceos, 117. — 



Hist. Soc. i. 37. — Lemmon, Rep. California State Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 391. 

 Board Forestry, ii. 75, 106, t. {Pines of the Pacific 



A tree, usually thirty or forty feet in height, with a short trunk about a foot in thickness, and 

 stout spreading somewhat ascending branches, but occasionally sixty feet tall, with a long straight 

 slightly tapering stem two and a half feet in diameter, and a comparatively narrow round-topped head ; 

 or sometimes, when fully exposed to ocean gales, semiprostrate with long contorted branches. The 

 bark of the trunk is from three quarters of an inch to an inch in thickness, and deeply and irregularly 

 divided into broad flat ridges covered by large thin closely appressed light red-brown scales. The 

 branchlets, when they first appear, are from three quarters of an inch to an inch thick and light 

 green ; in their second year they are light purple and covered with a metallic bloom which does not 

 disappear until the following season, when they begin to darken, and finally become almost black. 

 The winter branch-buds are cylindrical, and abruptly contracted and acuminate at the apex, the 

 terminal bud being an inch long and a third of an inch thick, or rather more than twice as large as the 

 lateral buds ; their outer scales are narrow and more or less tinged with purple ; those of the inner 

 ranks are broader, pale chestnut-brown, white and coarsely fringed on the margins, and soon become 

 reflexed, roughening with their enlarged thickened bases the branches, from which they do not entirely 

 disappear for several years. The pale chestnut-brown lustrous scales of the leaf-bud, scarious and 

 fringed on the margins, continue to inclose the lengthening leaves until they are sometimes two 

 inches long, and form a loose sheath, from which the upper part soon wears away, leaving the base, 

 which is from three quarters of an inch to an inch in length, close and firm, dark brown or finally 

 nearly black, and persistent. The leaves, which make great tufts at the ends of the branches, are borne 

 in clusters of five and are acute with short callous tips, sharply serrate, from eight to thirteen inches 

 long, about one sixteenth of an inch broad, and dark green ; they contain two fibro-vascular bundles, 

 usually three parenchymatous resin passages surrounded by strengthening cells, which also occur under 

 the epidermis in from three to five layers, and are marked on their three faces with many rows of 

 deeply set stomata. 1 The flowers appear from January to March, the staminate in short dense heads, 

 the pistillate subterminal in pairs on stout peduncles an inch in length and covered by broadly ovate 

 acute chestnut-brown bracts thin and scarious on the margins. The staminate flowers are cylindrical, 



1 Coulter & Rose, Bot. Gazette, xi. 306. 



