conifers. SILVA OF NOETH AMERICA. 89 



PINUS CONTORTA. 



Scrub Pine. 



Leaves in 2-leaved clusters, dark green, from 1 to 2 inches in length. Cones oval or 

 subcylindrical, oblique, from f to 2 inches long, their scales armed with slender prickles. 



Pinus contorta, Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2292, f. 2210, 2211 Pinus inops, Bongard, MSm. Phys. Math, et Nat. pt. ii. 



(1838). — Nuttall, Sylva, iii. 117. — Endlicher, Syn. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ii. 163 ( Veg. Sitcha) (not 



Conif. 168. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 399. — Carriere, Traite Aiton) (1831). — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 161 (in 



Conif. 364. — Torrey, Pacific B. B. Bep. iv. pt. v. 141. — part). — Ledebour, Fl. Boss. iii. 676. — Herder, Act. Sort. 



Gordon, Pinetum, 165. — Lyall, Jour. Linn. Soc. vii. 133, Petrop. xii. 86 (PI. Badd.). 



141 (in part). — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. Pinus Banksiana, Linclley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. 



24. — Hoopes, Evergreens, 81 (in part). — Parlatore, De Lond. v. 218 (in part) (not Lambert) (1850). 



Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 381 (in part). — Watson, Pinus Boursieri, Carriere, Bev. Hort. 1854, 225, f. ; Fl. 



King's Bep. v. 330. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 301. — des Serres, ix. 200, £. ; Traite Conif. 398. — Se'ne'clauze, 



Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 182 ; Brewer & Conif. 132. — Courtin, Fam. Conif. 82. — Hansen, Jour. 



Watson Bot. Cal. ii. 126 ; Gard. Chron. u. ser. xix. 351. — B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 351 (Pinetum Danicum). 



Veitch, Man. Conif. 145. — Kellogg, Trees of California, Pinus muricata, Bolander, Proc. Cal. Acad. iii. 227, 317 



65. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. (not D. Don) (1866). 



ix. 194. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 109. — Regel, Pinus Bolanderi, Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 



Buss. Dendr. ed. 2, pt. i. 47. — Lemmon, Bep. California 379 (1869). 



State Board Forestry, ii. 72, 92, t. (Pines of the Pacific Pinus contorta, var. Bolanderi, Vasey, Bep. Dept. Agric. 



Slope) ; West-American Cone-Bearers, 28. — Steele, Proc. JJ. S. 1875, 177 (Cat. Forest Trees U. S.) (1876). — 



Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1889, 236 (The Pines of Calif or- Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 37. —Lemmon, West- American 



nia). — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. iii. 333, t. 8, f. — Beiss- Cone-Bearers, 29. 



ner, Handb. Nadelh. 219. — Masters, Jour. B. Hort. Soc. Pinus contorta, var. (b) Hendersoni, Lemmon, West- 



xiv. 227. — Hansen, Jour. B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 356 (Pine- American Cone-Bearers, 30 (1895). 

 turn Danicum). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 36. 



A tree, usually fifteen or twenty or occasionally thirty feet tall, with a short trunk rarely more 

 than eighteen inches in diameter and comparatively stout branches which form a round-topped compact 

 and symmetrical or an open picturesque head, and sometimes fertile when only a few inches in 

 height. 1 The bark of the trunk is from three quarters of an inch to an inch in thickness and is 

 deeply and irregularly divided by vertical and cross fissures into small oblong plates covered with 

 closely appressed dark red-brown scales tinged with purple or orange-color ; on smaller stems and large 

 branches it is thin, smooth, and dark or light red-brown. The branch-buds are ovate, acute, and from 

 one quarter to nearly one half of an inch in length, and covered by long-pointed dark chestnut-brown 

 scales scarious and more or less broken on the margins, those of the outer ranks being usually loosely 

 imbricated and much reflexed above the middle ; while those of the inner ranks soon become reflexed on 

 the growing shoots and, losing their tips, continue for years to roughen with their thickened dark brown 

 bases the stout branches. These, when they first appear, are glabrous and light orange-color, and, 

 gradually growing darker during their second and third seasons, finally become dark red-brown or 



1 Lemmon (Erythea, ii. 174) describes trees growing in rich loam miles along the coast of Mendocino County are covered with cone- 

 near the mouth of the Noyo River in Mendocino County, Calif or- bearing plants of Pinus contorta and Cupressus Goveniana only a 

 nia, near the southern limits of the range of this species, from fifty few inches high, while in the better soil and more abundant mois- 

 to eighty feet tall, with trunks from two to five feet in diameter ture of depressions in this plain they sometimes rise to a height of 

 covered with deeply rimose bark two inches thick. These trees are thirty feet, 

 exceptionally large. The white clay barrens which stretch for 



