CONIPERiE. 



8ILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



95 



PINUS SABINIANA. 

 Digger Pine. Bull Pine. 



Leaves in 3-leaved clusters, stout, pale blue-green, from 8 to 12 inches in length. 

 Cones oval, acute, from 6 to 10 inches long, their scales produced into prominent 

 knobs armed with stout straight or slightly incurved spines. 



Pinus Sabiniana, Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. 747 

 (1833). — D. Don, Lambert Pinus, iii. t. — Forbes, Pine- 

 turn Woburn. 63, t. 23, 24. — Lawson & Son, Agric. 

 Man. 353; List No. 10, Abietinece, 33. —Hooker, Fl. 

 Bor.-Am. ii. 162. — Antoine, Conif. 30, t. 11. — Hooker 

 & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 393. — Link, Linncea, xv. 

 509. — Nuttall, Sylva, iii. 110, t. 113. — Spach, Hist. 

 Veg. xi. 390. — De Chambray, Traite Arb. Res. Conif. 

 347. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 159. — Knight, Syn. 

 Conif. 30. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. 

 v. 216. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 398. — Planehon, Fl. des 

 Serves, ix. 275, t. 964. — Carriere, Traite Conif 334. — 

 Torrey & Gray, Pacific R. R. Rep. ii. 130. — J. M. Bige- 

 low, Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. pt. v. 25. — Torrey, Pacific 

 R. R. Rep. iv. pt. v. 141 ; Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 210, 

 t. 57 ; Ives 1 Rep. pt. iv. 28. — Courtin, Fam. Conif 80. — 

 Newberry, Pacific R. R. Rep. vi. pt. iii. 39, 90, f. 13. — 

 Gordon, Pinetum, 208. — Walpers, Ann. v. 799. — Bo- 

 lander, Proc. Cal. Acad. iii. 226, 318. — Henkel & Hoch- 

 stetter, Syn. Nadelh. 75. — Lawson, Pinetum Brit. i. 85, 



t. 11, t. 1-3. — (Nelson) Senilis, Pinacece, 129. — Hoopes, 

 Evergreens, 121. — Se'ne'clauze, Conif 129. — Parlatore, 

 De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 391. — K. Koch ; Dendr. 

 ii. pt. ii. 312. — Engelmann, Rothrock Wheeler's Rep. vi. 

 375 ; Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 182. — Brewer & Wat- 

 son, Bot. Cal. ii. 127. — Veitch, Man. Conif 169. — 

 Kellogg, Forest Trees of California, 55. — Sargent, For- 

 est Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 195. — Lauche, 

 Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 111 — Lemmon, Rep. California 

 State Board Forestry, ii. 75, 105, t. (Pines of the Pacific 

 Slope) ; West- American Cone-Bearers, 39. — Steele, Proc. 

 Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1889, 241 (The Pines of California). — 

 Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 277, t. 7, f. — Beissner, Handb. 

 Nadelh. 256. — Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 391. — 

 Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 391 (Pinetum Dani- 

 cum). — Merriam, North American Fauna, No. 7, 339 

 (Death Valley Exped. ii.). — Coville, Contrib. U. S.Nat. 

 Herb. iv. 223 (Bot. Death Valley Exped.). — Koehne, 

 Deutsche Dendr. 35. 



A tree, usually forty or fifty but occasionally eighty feet in height, with a trunk three or four feet 

 in diameter divided generally fifteen or twenty feet above the ground into three or four stout secondary 

 stems ; these spread at first at narrow angles, and then become erect and are clothed with short crooked 

 branches which, pendent below and ascending toward the summit of the tree, form an open round- 

 topped head remarkable among Pines for the sparseness of its foliage. The hark of the trunk is from 

 an inch and a half to two inches in thickness, dark brown slightly tinged with red, or nearly black, and 

 deeply and irregularly divided into great thick rounded connected ridges covered with small closely 

 appressed scales. The winter branch-buds are oblong-ovate, acute and abruptly contracted at the apex 

 into short points, the terminal bud, which varies from three quarters of an inch to nearly an inch in 

 length, being about twice as large as the lateral buds ; they are covered with lanceolate light chestnut- 

 brown lustrous scales more or less fringed on the scarious margins and soon deciduous, their thickened 

 bases roughening the branches for many years ; these are stout and glabrous, and in their first year are 

 pale glaucous blue, becoming dark brown or nearly black during their second season. The leaves are 

 borne in clusters of two, with lustrous pale chestnut-brown sheaths at first an inch in length and after 

 the first season thick, close and firm, nearly black, and not more than half an inch long, falling with the 

 leaves, usually in their third and fourth years ; the leaves are acute with long slender callous tips, 

 sharply and coarsely serrate toward the apex, mostly entire below, flexible, pendent, pale blue-green, 

 from eight to twelve inches long and about one sixteenth of an inch wide ; they are stomatiferous 

 with many rows of conspicuous stomata on each face, and contain two or three parenchymatous resin 



