conifers. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 99 



PINUS COULTER! 



Pitch Pine. 



Leaves in 3-leaved clusters, stout, rigid, dark blue-green, from 6 to 12 inches in 

 length. Cones oval, acute, from 10 to 14 inches long, their scales much thickened into 

 stout elongated umbos armed with thick spur-like incurved spines. 



Pinus Coulteri, D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 440 Kith Census U. S. ix. 195. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 



(1837). — Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 67, t. 25, 26.— ed. 2, 111. — Schiibeler, Vivid. Norveg. i. 393. — Lem- 



Antoine, Conif. 31, t. 12, 13. — Link, Linncea, xv. mon, Rep. California State Board Forestry, ii. 75, 103, 



510. — Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 393. — t. (Pines of the Pacific Slope) ; West-American Cone- 



Nuttall, Sylva, iii. 112. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 160. — Bearers, 38, t. 6. — Steele, Proc. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 



Lawson & Son, List No. 10, Abietineoz, 31. — Dietrich, 1889, 240 (The Pines of California). — Mayr, Wald. 



Syn. v. 398. — Carriere, Traite Conif. 335. — Torrey, Nordam. 332, t. 7, f. — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 257. — 



Ives' Rep. pt. iv. 28. — Corn-tin, Fam. Conif. 77. — Masters, Jour. B. Sort. Soc. xiv. 227. — Hansen, Jour. 



Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 76. — Bolander, R. Sort. Soc. xiv. 357 (Pinetum Danicum). — Koehne, 



Proc. Cal. Acad. iii. 318. — Sendclauze, Conif. 125. — Deutsche Dendr. 35. 



Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 392. — Gor- Pinus macrocarpa, Lindley, Bot. Reg. xxvi. Misc. 61 



don, Pinetum, ed. 2, 266. — Engelmann, Trans. St. (1840). — Knight, Syn. Conif. 30. — Lindley & Gordon, 



Louis Acad. iv. 182; Brewer & Watson Bot. Cal. ii. Jour. Sort. Soc. Lond. v. 216. — Gordon, Pinetum, 



127. — Lawson, Pinetum Brit. i. 23, f . 1-5. — Kellogg, 201. — (Nelson) Senilis, Pinacece, 117. — Hoopes, Ever- 



Trees of California, 59. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. greens, 115. — Veitch, Man. Conif. 166. 



A tree, from fifty to seventy feet in height, with a trunk sometimes four feet in diameter, 

 although generally smaller, and stout limbs covered with dark scaly bark, which are long and mostly 

 pendulous below and short and ascending above, the whole forming a loose unsymmetrical and often 

 exceedingly picturesque head of stout branches sweeping upward, and clothed at the extremities with 

 great tufts of erect rigid leaves. The bark of the trunk is from an inch and a half to nearly two 

 inches in thickness, dark brown or nearly black, and deeply divided into broad rounded connected 

 ridges covered with thin closely appressed scales. The winter branch-buds are ovate, acute or abruptly 

 contracted into short points, from an inch to an inch and a half long and from one half to two thirds 

 of an inch broad, with lanceolate outer scales dark orange below, chestnut-brown above, scarious and 

 fimbriate on the margins, and much narrower than the dark chestnut-brown scales of the inner ranks, 

 which are often an inch long, and soon becoming reflexed and falling, leave their thickened persistent 

 bases to roughen the branches for several years. The branchlets are often an inch in diameter, and 

 when they first appear are dark orange-brown, but gradually growing darker, they sometimes become 

 nearly black at the end of three or four years. The leaves are borne in clusters of three, with sheaths 

 which at first are about an inch and a half in length, with thin light chestnut-brown lustrous scales 

 scarious and fringed on the margins, and at maturity are thin, dark brown, half an inch long, loose and 

 ragged above, and persistent with the leaves, which usually fall in their third or fourth season ; the 

 leaves are stout, rigid, serrulate above the middle, mostly entire below, acuminate with long callous 

 points, dark blue-green, from six to twelve inches in length, and frequently an eighth of an inch in 

 width, and contain two fibro-vascular bundles, from four to ten resin ducts variable in size, sometimes 

 internal, and usually surrounded with strengthening cells, which also occur under the epidermis in 

 many layers broken into thick bundles by the numerous bands of stomata which conspicuously mark 

 the three faces of the leaf. 1 The staminate flowers, which are produced in crowded clusters, are 



1 Coulter & Rose, Bot. Gazette, xi. 306. 



