conifers. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 107 



PINUS ATTENUATA. 

 Knob-cone Pine. 



Leaves in 3-leaved clusters, stout, rigid, pale yellow-green, from 5 to 7 inches in 

 length. Cones elongated-conical, oblique at the base, clustered, from 3 to 5 inches 

 long, their scales unequally embossed, armed with stout prickles. 



Pinus attenuata, Lemmon, Mining and Scientific Press, Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 394 (in part). — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. 



Jan. 16, 1892 ; Garden and Forest, v. 65 ; Erythea, i. ii. 309. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 183 ; 



231; West-American Cone-Bearers, 42, t. 7. — Sudworth, Brewer & Watson Bot. Cat. ii. 128. — Veitch, Man. 



Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric. 1892, 329. — Coville, Contrib. Conif. 170. — Kellogg, Trees of California, 62. — Sar- 



XI. S. Nat. Herb. iv. 221 (Bot. Death Valley Exped.). gent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 196. — 



Pinus Calif ornica, Hartweg, Jour. Hort. Soc. Bond. ii. Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 110. — Masters, Gard. 



189 (not Hooker & Arnott) (1847). Chron. n. ser. xxiv. 786, f. 183, 184 ; Jour. R. Hort. Soc. 



Pinus tuberculata, Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Bond. iv. xiv. 241. — Lemmon, Rep. California State Board For- 



218, f. (not D. Don) (1849); Fl. des Serres, v. 517°, estry, ii. 76, 116, t. (Pines of the Pacific Slope). — Steele, 



f. ; Pinetum, 211. — Lawson & Son, List No. 10, Abietin- Proc. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1889, 243 (The Pines of Cali- 



ece, 35. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 398. — A. Murray, Rep. fornia). — Mayr, Wold. Nordam. 2? '4, t. 6, 7, f. — Beiss- 



Oregon Exped. 2, t. 2, f. 2. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. ner, Handb. Nadelh. 270. — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. 



Nadelh. 78 (in part). — Bolander, Proc. Cal. Acad. iii. Soc. xiv. 399 (Pinetum Danicum). — Koehne, Deutsche 



262, 317. — Lawson, Pinetum Brit. i. 93, t. 13, f . 1-9. — Dendr. 34. 



Carriere, Traite* Conif \ ed. 2, 441 (in part). — Hoopes, Pinus tuberculata, var. acuta, Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 



Evergreens, 123 (excl. syn. Pinus Calif ornica). — (Nel- 275, t. 6, f. (1890). 



son) Senilis, Pinacece, 137. — Parlatore, De Candolle 



A tree, usually about twenty feet high, with a trunk a foot in diameter, and often fruitful when 

 only four or five feet tall, but occasionally from eighty to one hundred feet in height, with a trunk two 

 and a half feet in thickness and frequently divided above the middle into two ascending main stems. 

 The branches are comparatively slender, and while the tree is young sweep out from the stem in regular 

 remote whorls, at first horizontally and then in graceful upward curves, forming a compact or open 

 broad-based pyramid which in old age becomes a narrow round-topped straggling head of sparse thin 

 foliage. The bark of young stems and branches is thin, smooth, and pale brown, and on the lower 

 portions of old trunks it is from a quarter to a half of an inch in thickness, dark brown often tinged 

 with purple, slightly and irregularly divided by shallow connected fissures and broken into large loose 

 scales, and on the upper part of the tree is smooth, close, and firm. The winter branch-buds are 

 oblong-ovate, acute, from one half to two thirds of an inch long, and about a quarter of an inch thick, 

 with ovate lanceolate dark chestnut-brown scales slightly fringed on the margins, those of the inner 

 ranks soon becoming reflexed and falling away, while their much thickened bases roughen the branches 

 for years. The branchlets are slender and glabrous, and when they first appear are dark orange-brown, 

 growing darker during their second season. The leaves are borne in clusters of three, with thin close 

 sheaths at first bright chestnut-brown and lustrous below, white and scarious above, and about five 

 eighths of an inch long, and in their second season dark chestnut-brown, thick and firm below, loose 

 and often reflexed on the margins, and about an eighth of an inch in length ; the leaves are slender, 

 sharp-pointed with callous tips, coarsely and remotely serrate, firm and rigid, pale yellow, or bluish 

 green, stomatiferous on their three faces, from three to seven inches but usually four or five inches 

 lono- and about a sixteenth of an inch wide ; they contain two fibro-vascular bundles and from two to 

 five small resin passages surrounded by strengthening cells, which also occur under the epidermis, 



