114 SILVA OF NORTE AMERICA. conifers. 



which have grown rapidly on abandoned fields and now supply an important part of the timber 1 cut on 

 the south Atlantic coast, whence it is shipped in large quantities to the north, is very coarse-grained 

 and still more largely composed of sapwood. In the forests west of the Mississippi River it is of better 

 quality, a considerable part of the Yellow Pine lumber shipped from southern Arkansas and western 

 Louisiana to northern markets being of this species. The wood now attainable is generally rather 

 weak, brittle, coarse-grained, and not durable ; it is light brown, with orange-colored or often nearly 

 white sapwood, and contains broad conspicuous resinous bands of small summer cells, few inconspicuous 

 resin passages, and numerous obscure medullary rays. The average specific gravity of the absolutely 

 dry wood from four trees cut east of the Mississippi River is 0.5441, a cubic foot weighing 33.91 

 pounds. 



Pinus Tceda contains large quantities of resin, but it does not flow rapidly when the trees are 

 boxed and soon hardens on exposure to the air, and this species is probably not much worked 

 commercially for the production of turpentine. 2 



The first description of Pinus Tceda 3 was published by Plukenet in 1696 ; 4 it was introduced 

 into Europe before 1713 by Bishop Compton, 5 and has grown to a large size in European collections, 6 

 where, although less commonly cultivated than it was several years ago, it may still be occasionally 

 seen. 7 



1 Ashe, Bull. No. 5, North Carolina Geolog. Surv. 41 (The Pinus conis agminatim nascentibus, foliis longis ternis ex eadem 

 Forests, Forest Lands, and Forest Products of North Carolina). theca, Clayton, Fl. Virgin. 119. 



2 Mohr, Bull. No. 13, Div. Forestry U. S. Dept. Agric. 112 (The 4 Tseda, the classical name of a resinous Pine-tree, was bestowed 

 Timber Pines of the Southern U. S.). by Linnasus on this species. 



8 Pinus Virginiana tenuifolia tripilis s. ternis plerumque ex unofolli- 5 See i. 6. 



culo setis, strobilis majoribus, The Frankincense Tree, Aim. Bot. 297. — 6 Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 368. — Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2237, f. 



Ray, Hist. pi. iii., Dendr. 8. 2118-2222, t. 



7 See Maurice L. de Vilmorin, Garden and Forest, x. 112. 



EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 



Plate DLXXVII. Pinus Tjeda. 



1. A branch with staminate flowers, natural size. 



2. An involucre of the staminate flower, enlarged. 



3. Diagram of the involucre of the staminate flower. 



4. An anther, side view, enlarged. 



5. An anther, front view, enlarged. 



6. A branch with pistillate flowers and yearling cones, natural size. 



7. A scale of a pistillate flower, lower side, with its bract, enlarged. 



8. A scale of a pistillate flower, upper side, with its ovules, enlarged. 



9. Tip of a leaf, enlarged. 



10. Cross section of a leaf magnified fifteen diameters. 



11. Winter branch-buds, natural size. 



Plate DLXXVIII. Pinus Tjbda. 



1. A fruiting branch, natural size. 



2. An expanded cone, natural size. 



3. A seed, natural size. 



4. A seed, enlarged. 



5. An embryo, enlarged. 



6. A cluster of leaves, natural size. 



