CONIFERS. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



115 



PINUS RIGIDA. 



Pitch Pine. 



Leaves in 3-leaved clusters, stout, rigid, dark yellow-green, from 3 to 5 inches in 

 length. Cones ovoid-conical or ovate, often clustered, their scales armed with short 

 stout recurved prickles. 



Pinus rigida, Miller, Diet. ed. 8, No. 10 (1768). — Muench- 

 hausen, Hausv. v. 219. — Du Roi, Harbk. Baumz. ii. 46. — 

 Marshall, Arbust. Am. 101. — Burgsdorf, Anleit. pt. ii. 

 162. — Wangenheim, Nordam. Holz. 41. — Borkhausen, 

 Handb. Forstbot. i. 433. — Lambert, Pinus, i. 25, t. 18, 

 19. — Willdenow, Spec. iv. pt. i. 498 ; Enum. 988 ; Berl. 

 Baumz. ed. 2, 268. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 578. — Desfon- 

 taines, Hist. Arb. ii. 612. — Du Mont de Courset, Bot. 

 Cult. ed. 2, vi. 460. — Michaux, f . Hist. Arb. Am. i. 89, 

 t, 8. — Nouveau Duhamel, v. 244, t. 74. — Aiton, Hort. 

 Kew. ed. 2, v. 317. — Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 233. — 

 Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 643. — Poiret, Lamarck Diet. 

 Suppl. iv. 417. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 223. — Hayne, Dendr. 

 Fl. 174. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 634. — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 

 887. — Lawson & Son, Agric. Man. 352 ; List No. 10, 

 Abietinece, 33. — Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 41, t. 13. — 

 Antoine, Conif. 26, t. 7, f. 2. — Link, Linncea, xv. 

 503. — Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 388. — Torrey, Fl. N T. 

 ii. 227. — Griffith, Med. Bot. 604. — Gihoul, Arb. RSs. 

 31. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 164. — Knight, Syn. Conif. 

 30. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 

 217. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 399. — Carriere, Traite Conif. 

 342. — Darlington, Fl. Cestr. ed. 3, 290.— Gordon, Pine- 



tum, 207. — Courtin, Fam. Conif. 79. — Chapman, Fl. 

 433. — Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 

 21. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 67. — (Nelson) 

 Senilis, Pinaceoz, 128. — Hoopes, Evergreens, 119. — 

 Seneclauze, Conif 128. — Parlatore, De Candolle Prodr. 

 xvi.pt. ii. 394. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 307. — Nord- 

 linger, Forstbot. 399. — Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis 

 Acad. iv. 183. — Veitch, Man. Conif 169. — Sargent, For- 

 est Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 197. — Lauche, 

 Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 109. — Schubeler, Virid. Norveg. 

 i. 393. — Willkomm, Forst. Fl. 190. — Watson & Coulter, 

 Gray's Man. ed. 6, 490. — Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 188, t. 

 8, f. — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 266, f. 63, 64. — Mas- 

 ters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 239. — Hansen, Jour. R. 

 Hort. Soc. xiv. 389 (Pinetum Danicum). — Koehne, 

 Deutsche Dendr. 35. — Britton & Brown, III. Fl. i. 53, f . 

 119. 



Pinus Tseda, (3 rigida, Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 368 

 (1789). — Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, ii. 313. — 

 Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 210. 



Pinus Tseda, var. A, Poiret, Lamarck Diet. v. 340 (1804). 



Pinus rigida, var. lutea, Kellerman, Bot. Gazette, xvii. 

 280 (not Pinus lutea, Walter nor Gordon) (1892). 



A tree, fifty or sixty or rarely eighty feet in height, with a short trunk occasionally three feet in 

 diameter, frequently fruitful when only a few feet high, and often producing freely from the stump or 

 from the stem and branches after injury by fire many vigorous shoots 1 clothed with primary leaves 

 from an inch to an inch and a quarter in length, about a sixteenth of an inch wide, serrate with remote 

 callous teeth, and pale glaucous green. The branches of young trees are rigid and produced in regular 

 remote whorls and, spreading horizontally, form an open narrow pyramid ; in old age they become 

 stout, contorted, and often pendulous at the extremities, and covered with thick much roughened bark, 

 and form a round-topped thin head usually occupying about three quarters of the height of the tree, or 

 when an individual standing alone has enjoyed light, and space for lateral development, a broad low 

 round-topped and often exceedingly picturesque crown. 2 The bark of young stems is thin and broken 

 into plate-like dark red-brown scales, and on old trunks it is from three quarters of an inch to nearly an 

 inch and a half in thickness, deeply and irregularly fissured and divided into broad flat connected 

 ridges separating on the surface into many thick dark red-brown scales often tinged with purple. The 

 winter branch-buds are ovate or obovate-oblong, rather obliquely narrowed and acute at the apex, from 

 one half to three quarters of an inch in length and about a quarter of an inch in thickness, with loosely 

 imbricated ovate lanceolate dark chestnut-brown lustrous scales scarious and fringed on the margins, 



1 Pinchot, Garden and Forest, x. 192, f. 24. 2 Garden and Forest, iv. 397, f. 65. 



