conifers. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 119 



PINUS SEROTINA. 

 Pond Pine. Marsh Pine. 



Leaves mostly in 3-leaved clusters, slender, dark yellow-green, from 6 to 8 inches 

 in length. Cones subglobose or obovate-oblong, from 2 to 2J inches long, serotinous, 

 their scales armed with slender incurved deciduous prickles. 



Pinus serotina, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 205 (1803). — 1860, iii. 21. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 



Willdenow, Spec. iv. pt. i. 499. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 578. — 70. — (Nelson) Senilis, Pinacece, 129. — Sene"clauze, 



Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, vi. 461. — Michaux, Conif. 129. — Parlatore, Be Candolle Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 



f. Hist. Arb. Am. i. 86, t. 7. — Nouveau Duhamel, v. 394. — K. Koch, Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 305. — Sargent, Forest 



246, t. 75, f . 1. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 643. — Poiret, Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 198. — Mayr, Wald. 



Lamarck Diet. Suppl. iv. 417. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 223. — Nordam. 115, t. 8, f . — Masters, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 



D. Don, Lambert Pinus, iii. t. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 634. — 239. — Hansen, Jour. R. Hort. Soc. xiv. 392 (Pinetum 



Sprengel, Syst. iii. 887. — Lawson & Son, Agric. Man. Danicum). 



353 ; List No. 10, Abietinece, 34. — Forbes, Pinetum ? Pinus Taeda, 8 alopecuroidea, Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 



Woburn. 47, t. 16. — Antoine, Conif. 27, t. 8, f. 2. — 368 (1789). — Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2237. 



Link, Linnosa, xv. 504. — Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 389. — ? Pinus alopecuroides, Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. iii. 



Gihoul, Arb. R6s. 32. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 163. — 763 (1802). 



Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 217. — Pinus rigida, var. serotina, Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2242, 



Dietrich, Syn. v. 399. — Carriere, Traite Conif 341.— f. 2127-2130 (1838). — Hoopes, Evergreens, 120. — En^ 



Gordon, Pinetum, 209. — Courtin, Fam. Conif. 80. — gelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 183. — Beissner, 



Chapman, Fl. 433. — Curtis, Rep. Oeolog. Surv. N. Car. Handb. Nadelh. 269. 



A tree, usually forty or fifty or occasionally seventy or eighty feet in height, with a short trunk 

 sometimes three but generally not more than two feet in diameter, and stout often contorted branches 

 more or less pendulous at the extremities, forming an open round-topped head, and when injured by 

 fire often producing from adventitious buds on the stem and branches numerous vigorous shoots, which 

 are also developed from the stumps of cut trees. 1 The bark of the trunk is from one half to three 

 quarters of an inch in thickness, and is dark red-brown and irregularly divided by narrow shallow 

 fissures into small plates separating on the surface into thin closely appressed scales. The winter 

 branch-buds are broadly ovate, gradually tapering and acute at the apex, from one third to one half of 

 an inch long, and covered by ovate acute scales pale chestnut-brown below, darker above the middle, 

 and fimbriate on the margins, those of the inner ranks being lanceolate, long-pointed and reflexed on 

 the lengthening shoot, from which they soon fall, leaving their thickened dark bases to roughen for 

 many years the slender glabrous branches ; these when they first appear are dark green, and during 

 their first winter are dark dull orange-color ; then gradually growing darker, they become at the end 

 of four or five years dark brown or often nearly black. The leaves are borne in clusters of three, or 

 occasionally of four on vigorous young shoots, with sheaths which at first are thin, white and scarious, 

 or pale chestnut-brown below, and from three quarters of an inch to nearly an inch in length, but after 

 losing their inner scales become thick, firm, about a quarter of an inch long, and nearly black, falling 

 with the leaves during their third and fourth years ; the leaves are flexuous, serrulate with minute close 

 teeth, acuminate with callous tips, stomatiferous with many rows of deep-set stomata on the three 

 faces, dark yellow-green, from six to eight inches long and about a sixteenth of an inch wide ; they 

 contain two fibro-vascular bundles, from five to seven resin ducts unequal in size, some of them being 

 often internal, and strengthening cells in bundles or in a single layer under the epidermis and in 

 clusters at the angles of the leaf. 2 The staminate flowers are produced in crowded spikes from two 



1 Fernow, Garden and Forest, x. 209. - Coulter & Rose, Bot. Gazette, xi. 307. 



