conifers. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 123 



PINUS VIRGINIANA. 

 Jersey Pine. Scrub Pine. 



Leaves in 2-leaved clusters, stout, gray-green, from \\ to 3 inches in length. 

 Cones oblong-conical, often more or less curved, from 2 to 3 inches long, their scales 

 armed with slender straight or recurved prickles. 



Pinus Virginiana, Miller, Diet. ed. 8, No. 9 (1768). — 26. — Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 



Du Roi, Obs. Bot. 43 ; Harbk. Baumz. ii. 35. — Muench- 217. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 399. — Carriere, Traite Conif. 



hausen, Rausv. v. 218. — Marshall, Arbust. Am. 102.— 360. — Darlington, Fl. Cestr. ed. 3, 290. — Gordon, 



Burgsdorf, Anleit. pt. ii. 161. — Wangenheim, Nordam. Pinetum, 167. — Courtin, Syn. Conif. 83. — Chapman, 



Holz. 74. — Poiret, Lamarck Diet. v. 339. — K. Koch, Fl. 433. — Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, 



Dendr. ii. pt. ii. 299. — Britton & Brown, HI. Fl. i. 52, iii. 20. — Henkel & Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelh. 22. — 



f • H5. (Nelson) Senilis, Pinacece, 113. — Hoopes, Evergreens, 



Pinus inops, Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 367 (1789). — Willde- 84. — Seneclauze, Conif. 136. — Parlatore, De Candolle 



now, Berl. Baumz. 208; Spec. iv. pt. i. 496; Enum. Prodr. xvi. pt. ii. 380 (excl. syn. Pinus variabilis). — 



988. — Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 204. — Lambert, Pinus, Nordlinger, Forstbot. 397. — Veitch, Man. Conif. 158. — 



i. 18, t. 13. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 578. — Du Mont de Cour- Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 



set, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, vi. 459. — Michaux f. Hist. Arb. 198. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 108. — Schubeler, 



Am. i. 58, t. 4. — Nouveau Duhamel, v. 236, t. 69, f. Vivid. Norveg. i. 390. — Willkomm, Forst. Fl. 242. — 



1. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 641. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 491. — Mayr, 



223. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 173. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 633. — Wold. Nordam. 191, t. 8, f. — Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 



Sprengel, Syst. iii. 886. — Lawson & Son, Agric. Man. 215. — Masters, Jour. B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 230. — Hansen, 



346; List No. 10, Abietinece, 36. — Audubon, Birds, t. Jour. B. Hort. Soc. xiv. 363 (Pinetum Danicum). — 



97. — Forbes, Pinetum Woburn. 15, t. 4. — Hooker, Fl. Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 36. 



Bor.-Am. ii. 161 (in part). — Antoine, Conif. 17, t. 5, Pinus sylvestris, y Novo-Csesariensis, Castiglioni, Viag. 



£. 3. — Link, Linncea, xv. 500. — Spach, Hist. VSg. xi. negli Stati Uniti, ii. 313 (1790). 

 386. — Endlicher, Syn. Conif 167. — Knight,. Syn. Conif. 



A tree, usually thirty or forty feet in height, with a short trunk rarely more than eighteen inches 

 in diameter and long horizontal or pendulous branches in remote whorls, forming a broad open often 

 flat-topped pyramid, or toward the western limits of its range frequently one hundred and ten feet 

 tall, with a stem from two and a half to three feet in diameter. The bark of the trunk is from one 

 quarter to one half of an inch in thickness, and is broken by shallow fissures into flat scale-like plates 

 separating on the surface into thin closely appressed dark brown scales tinged with red. The winter 

 branch-buds are ovate, acute, and from one third to one half of an inch in length, with ovate acute 

 dark chestnut-brown scales scarious on the margins and soon reflexed on the growing shoots, from 

 which they fall during the summer, leaving their slightly thickened bases to mark for several years the 

 branches. These are slender, glabrous, tough and flexible, and when they first appear are pale green 

 or green tinged with purple and covered with a glaucous bloom, becoming purplish at the end of their 

 first season, and a year later light gray-brown. The leaves are borne in two-leaved remote clusters, with 

 sheaths which at first are thin, close and scarious, and about a third of an inch long, becoming before 

 the end of the first season thick, dark brown, and not more than an eighth of an inch long, with 

 loose fringed margins ; the leaves are twisted, soft and flexible, fragrant with a balsamic odor, closely 

 serrulate, acute with short callous points, lustrous, pale yellow-green when they first emerge from the 

 buds but dark gray-green during their first summer, stomatiferous with many rows of minute stomata, 

 from an inch and a half to three inches but usually about two inches in length and a twelfth of an 

 inch in breadth ; they contain two fibro-vascular bundles, usually two resin ducts, and strengthening 



